Table 3 Effects of the two core strength training programs on measures of physical fitness
CSTS (n = 13) | CSTU (n = 14) | p-value (effect size f) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Pre | Post | Δ (%) | Pre | Post | Δ (%) | Main effect: Time | Main effect: Group | Interaction: Time × Group | ||||
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||||
Strength | |||||||||||||
Ventral TMS test (s) | 65.5 | 37.0 | 74.7 | 39.3 | 14.0 | 67.9 | 34.1 | 83.1 | 28.7 | 22.4 | .001 (.76) | .685 (.08) | .353 (.19) |
Dorsal TMS test (s) | 152.2 | 98.0 | 214.8 | 32.8 | 41.1 | 129.9 | 55.0 | 173.3 | 20.4 | 33.4 | .100 (.34) | .572 (.11) | .758 (.06) |
Lateral right side TMS test (s) | 46.9 | 18.9 | 51.1 | 18.3 | 9.0 | 46.7 | 12.1 | 50.4 | 14.7 | 7.9 | .103 (.34) | .937 (.00) | .913 (.00) |
Lateral left side TMS test (s) | 46.5 | 20.8 | 51.4 | 18.7 | 10.5 | 47.6 | 10.3 | 51.4 | 10.6 | 8.0 | .028 (.47) | .921 (.00) | .746 (.06) |
Standing long jump (cm) | 187.6 | 47.4 | 189.6 | 39.0 | 1.1 | 201.1 | 20.0 | 207.1 | 18.8 | 3.0 | .061 (.39) | .230 (.25) | .336 (.20) |
Speed | |||||||||||||
20-m sprint (s) | 3.9 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 0.4 | -2.6 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 0 | .311 (.21) | .434 (.16) | .358 (.19) |
Flexibility | |||||||||||||
Stand-and-reach test (cm) | 102.3 | 9.8 | 102.0 | 9.8 | -0.3 | 99.6 | 8.7 | 101.5 | 8.2 | 1.9 | .062 (.39) | .647 (.09) | .012 (.54) |
Motor coordination under time pressure | |||||||||||||
Jumping sideways (# of jumps) | 45.8 | 7.9 | 49.5 | 5.0 | 8.1 | 48.9 | 4.0 | 53.8 | 4.4 | 10.0 | <.001 (1.07) | .068 (.38) | .477 (.14) |
Balance | |||||||||||||
Emery test on right leg (s) | 9.0 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 3.9 | -12.2 | 10.4 | 7.1 | 9.2 | 5.2 | -11.5 | .378 (.18) | .436 (.16) | .979 (.00) |
Emery test on left leg (s) | 10.3 | 7.2 | 10.5 | 7.9 | 1.9 | 8.9 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 6.2 | 20,2 | .418 (.16) | .772 (.05) | .527 (.13) |
Y balance test CS on right stance leg (%) | 119.9 | 12.0 | 123.3 | 10.9 | 2.8 | 122.2 | 10.3 | 124.5 | 8.7 | 1.9 | .032 (.46) | .656 (.09) | .662 (.09) |
Y balance test CS on left stance leg (%) | 120.2 | 12.2 | 123.4 | 11.7 | 2.7 | 122.5 | 10.3 | 124.5 | 8.2 | 1.6 | .022 (.49) | .680 (.08) | .554 (.12) |