Table 3 Summary of intrinsic variables reported in included studies

Biomechanics of fast bowling technique

Shoulder and hip alignment, SCR

[42, 43, 49, 53,54,55,56, 58,59,60,61, 65]

Lower limb kinematics

[42, 43, 49, 53, 54, 56, 60, 65]

Trunk and lumbar rotation

[49, 53, 58, 61]

Trunk and lumbar flexion/extension

[49, 53, 58, 61]

Trunk and lumbar lateral flexion

[49, 53, 58, 59, 61]

Ground reaction forces

[49, 52,53,54, 56, 60]

Tibial and sacral loading

[61]

Lumbo-pelvic kinetics

[49]

Ball release height

[42, 54, 56]

Ball release speed

[53, 54, 56, 59]

Approach velocity

[42, 49, 53, 54, 56]

Delivery stride length

[54, 56]

Delivery stride alignment

[54]

Trunk and lumbar anatomical characteristics

Quadratus Lumborum asymmetry

[44, 46, 47]

Multifidus CSA

[50]

Abdominal muscle thickness

[62]

Lumbar vertebrae BMO presence

[45, 52, 64]

Lumbar disc degeneration

[45]

Lumbar spine BMC/BMD

[41, 63]

Age

Chronological age

[41, 51, 54, 59]

Skeletal age

[41]

Injury history

Previous LBP or lumbar injury

[48, 50, 61]

Muscle strength, endurance, and function

Trunk flexion/extension strength

[42, 54]

Hip abduction/extension strength

[59]

Hamstring/quadriceps strength

[42]

Calf/single leg bridge capacity

[49]

Shoulder depression/horizontal flexion strength

[42]

Abdominal sit ups

[42, 54, 56]

Trunk plank capacity

[49]

Trunk extensor endurance

[49, 57, 59]

Range of motion

Sit-and-reach

[41, 42, 54]

Shoulder flexibility

[42]

Lumbar flexion/extension

[57]

Lumbar lateral flexion

[57, 59]

Straight leg raise

[41, 57]

Hip extension

[57]

Hip external/internal rotation

[41, 49, 59]

Bent knee fall-out

[41]

Ankle dorsiflexion

[41, 49, 59]

Physical characteristics

Skinfold levels

[42, 54, 56]

Foot arch features

[42, 49, 54]

Body mass

[42, 54, 56, 59]

Fat free mass

[41]

Body mass index

[46, 47]

Segment anthropometrics

[42]

Posture

[42, 54]

Height

[41, 59]

Aerobic capacity

[42, 59]

Neuromuscular control

Lumbar Reposition Error

[48]

Single leg decline squat

[49]

Lumbopelvic stability

[49, 59]

Star Excursion Balance

[59]