Table 2 Nutrients and dietary intakes of the participants

Energy (Kcal)

2563.12 ± 136.99

2354.31 ± 130.38

2458.72 ± 169.42

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (%Energy)

56.00 ± 3.35

52.75 ± 2.91

54.37 ± 3.52

< 0.001

Protein (%Energy)

12.65 ± 1.07

11.80 ± 1.07

12.23 ± 1.14

< 0.001

Fat (%Energy)

31.34 ± 3.08

35.43 ± 2.74

33.39 ± 3.55

< 0.001

Food Groups

Vegetables (g/day)

327.04 ± 112.67

275.88 ± 97.26

301.46 ± 107.77

0.01

Fruits (g/day)

266.88 ± 124.21

206.71 ± 100.78

236.79 ± 116.46

0.009

Nuts (g/day)

23.14 ± 18.21

19.44 ± 9.76

21.29 ± 14.65

0.25

Legumes (g/day)

71.03 ± 13.30

67.19 ± 16.99

69.11 ± 15.29

0.19

Dairy (g/day)

271.70 ± 105.58

192.62 ± 80.25

232.16 ± 101.37

< 0.001

Coffee (g/day)

65.79 ± 10.19

15.78 ± 2.91

40.79 ± 5.89

< 0.001

Poultry and fish (g/day)

17.11 ± 9.56

16.99 ± 9.18

17.05 ± 9.32

0.95

Potato (g/day)

41.29 ± 11.52

35.91 ± 11.05

38.60 ± 11.55

0.02

Sugar (g/day)

5.33 ± 0.86

8.59 ± 0.09

6.96 ± 0.26

0.02

Refined grains (g/day)

461.54 ± 87.21

418.02 ± 88.95

439.78 ± 90.28

0.009

Red meats (g/day)

28.11 ± 9.89

40.49 ± 15.01

34.30 ± 14.09

< 0.001

Processed meats (g/day)

9.38 ± 2.73

8.37 ± 2.35

8.86 ± 2.54

0.34

Solid oil and butter (g/day)

6.22 ± 3.37

9.06 ± 2.37

7.64 ± 3.07

0.005

Sweets and chocolates (g/day)

40.23 ± 17.09

32.61 ± 14.52

36.38 ± 16.21

0.02