| Level of Evidence | Achilles tendinopathy | Tibial stress fractures | Plantar fasciitis | Iliotibial band syndrome | Patello femoral pain syndrome | Medial tibial stress syndrome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomechanical related risk factor | Moderate |  |  | ↑ Vertical instantaenous loading rate |  | ↓ Ground reaction force braking impulse | ↑ Time spent in rearfoot eversion |
 |  | ↑ Vertical averange loading rate |  | ↑ Ground contact time | ↑ Contralateral pelvic drop | ||
Limited | ↓ Anterior–posterior displacement of the center of pressure | ↑ Peak rearfoot eversion angle |  |  | ↑ Knee abduction angular impulse |  | |
↑ Vertical forces at the lateral foot | ↑ Peak hip adduction angle |  |  | ↓ Time to peak force at medial and lateral heel |  | ||
↓ Time to peak force at the medial heel | ↑ Peak free moment amplitude |  |  | ↑ Peak vertical force at lateral heel, metatarsal 2 and 3 |  | ||
↑ Rearfoot inversion angle at initial contact |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Very Limited |  |  |  | ↑ Iliotibial band strain | ↑ Averange hip abduction moment |  | |
 |  |  | ↑ Iliotibial band strain rate |  |  | ||
 |  |  | ↑ Peak femur external rotation angle |  |  | ||
Inconsistent | ↑ Rearfoot eversion range of motion |  |  | ↑ Peak knee internal rotation angle | ↑ Peak hip adduction angle | ↑ Peak rearfoot eversion angle | |
 |  |  | ↑ Peak knee adduction angle | ↑ Peak hip abduction moment |  | ||
 |  |  | ↑ Knee flexion angle at initial contact | ↑ Peak hip internal rotation angle |  | ||
 |  |  |  | ↑ Contralateral pelvic drop |  | ||
Conflicting |  |  |  | ↑↓ Peak hip adduction angle |  |  |