Nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice of professional athletes in an Iranian population (a cross-sectional study)

Hasanpouri, Amin; Rahmani, Bita; Gharakhanlou, Bahram Jamali; Solaimanian, Shahabaddin; Shahsavari, Saeed; Rasouli, Ahmadreza; Abbasi, Saeed; Ebrahimi-Kalan, Abbas; Rouzitalab, Tohid; Hoseinabadi, Zahra; Shiri-Shahsavar, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00776-3

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 3 Comparison of nutritional KAP by age, sport type and gender

From: Nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice of professional athletes in an Iranian population (a cross-sectional study)

Variables	Category	Number	Mean	Standard Deviation	CI 95%			Effect size^*
Variables	Category	Number	Mean	Standard Deviation	Lower	Upper	p-value	Effect size^*
Knowledge	15–20	16	88.063	8.729	83.411	92.714	0.966	0.0002
	20–25	181	88.481	7.915	87.320	89.641
	Above 25	123	88.342	5.182	87.417	89.266
Attitude	15–20	16	29.313	4.990	26.654	31.971	0.832	0.001
	20–25	181	28.536	6.040	27.650	29.422
	Above 25	123	28.740	4.061	28.015	29.465
Performance	15–20	16	25.875	2.825	24.369	27.381	0.756	0.002
	20–25	181	26.127	3.593	25.600	26.654
	Above 25	123	26.382	3.323	25.789	26.975
Knowledge	Football	55	80.236	12.506	55.724	104.748	0.988	0.004
	Basketball	39	79.717	5.072	69.776	89.658
	Volleyball	47	84.659	5.100	74.663	94.655
	Running	46	81.087	5.265	70.768	91.406
	Wrestling	57	80.631	5.521	69.810	91.452
	Ping-pong	25	80.160	5.210	69.948	90.372
	Badminton	20	80.750	5.270	70.421	91.079
	Swimming	31	83.741	5.409	73.139	94.343
Attitude	Football	55	24.272	9.135	6.367	42.177	0.672	0.015
	Basketball	39	25.359	3.956	17.605	33.113
	Volleyball	37	24.425	3.669	17.234	31.616
	Running	46	25.021	3.997	17.187	32.855
	Wrestling	57	24.052	4.381	15.465	32.639
	Ping-pong	25	26.360	4.221	18.087	34.633
	Badminton	20	24.300	4.835	14.823	33.777
	Swimming	31	24.193	3.815	16.716	31.670
Performance	Football	55	22.363	3.423	15.654	29.072	0.859	0.011
	Basketball	39	22.128	3.941	14.404	29.852
	Volleyball	47	22.148	3.106	16.060	28.236
	Running	46	22.478	3.716	15.195	29.761
	Wrestling	57	21.543	3.190	15.291	27.795
	Ping-pong	25	22.360	3.134	16.217	28.503
	Badminton	20	22.700	4.001	14.858	30.542
	Swimming	31	22.548	3.452	15.782	29.314
Knowledge	Male	218	88.403	7.757	73.199	103.607	0.992	0.001
Knowledge	Female	102	88.410	5.113	78.389	98.431	0.992	0.001
Attitude	Male	218	28.779	5.812	17.387	40.171	0.533	0.079
Attitude	Female	102	28.382	4.005	20.532	36.232	0.533	0.079
Performance	Male	218	26.133	3.490	19.293	32.973	0.548	0.075
Performance	Female	102	26.382	3.374	19.769	32.995	0.548	0.075

CI Confidence Interval
^*Cohen’s d effect size

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ISSN: 2052-1847

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