Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of the different death mechanisms in swimming
From: Hypothesized mechanisms of death in swimming: a systematic review
Characteristic | Cardiovascular diseases (n = 89) | Cerebrovascular diseases (n = 2) | Respiratory diseases (n = 5) | Hazardous conditions (n = 13) | Others (n = 91) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | (n = 62) | (n = 2) | (n = 4) | (n = 9) | (n = 91) |
 Male | 49 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 61 |
 Female | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 30 |
Age | |||||
 Mean ± SD | 35.8 ± 25.4 | 54.5 ± 9.2 | 18.0 ± 0 | 29.1 ± 21.7 | 7.4 ± 9.6 |
 Range | 11–82 | 48–61 | 17–22 | 12–66 | 1–57 |
Body of water | (n = 29) | (n = 1) | (n = 1) | (n = 7) | (n = 73) |
 pool | 4 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (42.9%) | 58 (79.5%) |
 Lake/reservoir | 3 (10.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 2 (28.6%) | 15 (20.5%) |
 Ocean/harbor | 18 (62.1%) | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0%) |
 River | 4 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |