Table 7 Studies on cases of death from drowning due to other or unknown causes in swimming
From: Hypothesized mechanisms of death in swimming: a systematic review
Author | Year | Type of study | LOE | Findings | Critical evaluation/comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windsor | 2020 | Case Series (n = 2) | 4 | Two unexplained drowning deaths were reported during the 750 m swim | The irregularity of recording procedures and the limitation of time led to a smaller sample size and a higher death rate |
Brenner | 2009 | Case–Control Study (n = 88) | 3 | Participation in formal swimming lessons was associated with an 88% reduction in the risk of drowning in the 1- to 4-year-old children | Small sample size, especially in the older age group |
Broi | 2009 | Case Report (n = 1) | 4 | The cause of death was assessed as postanoxic brain damage, multiorgan failure syndrome and cardiac failure following drowning | Improper rescue surgery was considered to be more related to the woman's injury than to her death |