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Table 3 Training stress monitoring strategies and protocols in the volleyball literature

From: Training stress, neuromuscular fatigue and well-being in volleyball: a systematic review

Author, year

Training stress measurements

Methodology

Results

Rebelo et al., 2023 [18]

Internal load—sRPE

External load—IMU (jump metrics)

Jumping metrics and sRPE of each training session

wITL (range): 1229.00 ± 247.74 to 2188.13 ± 693.36

wETL (range): 11,144.92 ± 3648.12 kJ to 18,328.99 ± 8358.20 kJ

Herring and Fukuda, 2022 [27]

External load—IMU (jump metrics)

53 matches across 2 seasons

MB—HT: 47.4 ± 5.4; OJC: 89.2 ± 30.7; OJR = 0.95 ± 0.21

OH—HT: 51.9 ± 2.2; OJC: 72.8 ± 22.8; OJR = 0.77 ± 0.13

RSH—HT: 45.4 ± 11.4; OJC: 50.3 ± 22.1; OJR = 0.57 ± 0.19

Berriel et al., 2022 [30]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

wITL (range): 1388 ± 111 to 3852 ± 149

Rabbani et al., 2021 [28]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

sRPE (range): 1052 ± 163 to 1105 ± 121

Andrade et al., 2021 [31]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

PS—TWTL: 3,512.84 ± 876.48

CPI—TWTL: 2,843.93 ± 1,026.14

CPII—TWTL: 2,696.40 ± 933.51

Timoteo et al., 2021 [17]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

PS—TWTL: 3,492.75 ± 2,320.68

CP—TWTL: 3,207.02 ± 2,423.04

Ungureanu et al., 2021 [32]

Internal load—sRPE, HR

HR and sRPE of each training session

MB—sRPE: 534; EHR: 207

OH—sRPE: 402; EHR: 172

RSH—sRPE: 463; EHR: 206

L—sRPE: 313; EHR: 180

SE—sRPE: 351; EHR: 233

Kupperman et al., 2021 [33]

Internal load—sRPE

External load—accelerometer (jump metrics, COD, accelerations)

sRPE and accelerometer in each training session and game

Training sessions:

OJC: 90.9 ± 51.2; COD: 247.5 ± 121.7; ACC: 93.6 ± 46.9; DEC: 94.8 ± 52.9

Games:

OJC: 81.1 ± 49.8; COD: 229.4 ± 124.8; ACC: 85.2 ± 47.2; DEC: 66.0 ± 39.7

Horta et al., 2020 [35]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

PS—TWTL: 3,228.44 ± 521.96

CPI—TWTL: 3,369.44 ± 605.33

CPII—TWTL: 2,973.22 ± 727.23

García-de-Alcaraz et al., 2020 [36]

External load—camera (jump count)

each training session

MB—OJC: 41,432

OH—OJC: 40,694

RSH—OJC: 22,997

SE—OJC: 13,226

Roy et al., 2020 [37]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session and game

sRPE: 566 ± 260

Clemente et al., 2020 [38]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session and game

CPI—ACWR: 1.10 ± 0.13; M: 4.28 ± 1.23

CPII—ACWR: 1.66 ± 0.15; M: 3.39 ± 0.69

Lima et al., 2020 [39]

Internal load—sRPE

External load—IMU (jump metrics)

Jumping metrics and sRPE of each training session

sRPE and OJC was higher in MD-2 and MD-3 than in MD-1

Duarte et al., 2019 [40]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session and game

CPI—TWTL: 4,546.0 ± 620.9

CPII—TWTL: 4,006.6 ± 687.6

Clemente et al., 2019 [41]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session and game

CPI > TWTL > CPII

Horta et al., 2019 [42]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

The TWTL increased progressively from Week 2 to Week 6

Silva et al., 2019 [43]

Internal load—sRPE

External load—IMU (jump metrics)

Jumping metrics and sRPE of each training session

sRPE: MD-1: 462.04 ± 330.05; MD-2: 586.68 ± 365.66; MD-3: 477.44 ± 267.34; MD-4: 466.68 ± 295.71; MD-5: 430.21 ± 215.77

OJC: MD-1: 106.40 ± 42.77; MD-2: 143.10 ± 60.11; MD-3: 120.31 ± 46.58; MD-4: 118.87 ± 68.61; MD-5: 106.56 ± 35.65

Roy et al., 2019 [44]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

sRPE: 566 ± 260

Skazalski et al., 2018 [46]

External load—IMU (jump metrics)

Jumping metrics each training session and game

MB—OJC: 92

OH—OJC: 62

RSH—OJC: 75

SE—OJC: 121

Castello et al., 2018 [47]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

wITL: 2484.32

Mendes et al., 2018 [48]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

Preparatory weeks: training load had an undulating distribution during the week; regular and congested weeks: training load was higher at the beginning of the week

Tavares et al., 2018 [49]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

sRPE had an undulating distribution during the week

Debien et al., 2018 [50]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session and game

PS—TWTL: 3,748 ± 472

CPI—TWTL: 2,858 ± 472

CPII—TWTL: 3,728 ± 650

Brandão et al., 2018 [51]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

Preparatory weeks: training load had an undulating distribution during the week; regular and congested weeks: training load was higher at the beginning of the week

Horta et al., 2017 [53]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

First team players > TWTL > reserve players

Timoteo et al., 2017 [16]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session and game

sRPE: Day 2 > Day 1 > Day 6 > Day 3 > Day 5 > Day 4

de Freitas et al., 2015 [54]

Internal load—sRPE

sRPE of each training session

Week 1—TWTL: 1,922 ± 654

Week 2—TWTL: 1,530 ± 691

Week 3—TWTL: 1,874 ± 528

Week 4—TWTL: 1,568 ± 312

  1. COD change of direction, CP competitive period, CPI competitive period I, CPII competitive period II, HER Edwards Heart Rate, HT mean jump height from all jumps (cm), IMU inertial motion unit; L libero, M monotony, MB middle blocker, OH outside hitter, OJC overall jump count, OJR overall jump rate (jumps/min), PS pre-season, RSH right-side hitter, SE setter, TWTL  total weekly training load (arbitrary units), sRPE session rating of perceived exertion, wITL  weekly internal training load (arbitrary units)