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Table 5 Well-being monitoring strategies and protocols in the volleyball literature

From: Training stress, neuromuscular fatigue and well-being in volleyball: a systematic review

Author, year

Well-being measurements

Design

Results

Rebelo et al., 2023 [18]

Well-being—Questionnaire

Daily before the first training session

No differences observed in most wellness items measured during the 5 weeks

Rabbani et al., 2021 [28]

Well-being—Hooper's index

Daily before the first training session

2.19 ± 0.35 to 2.24 ± 0.30

Haraldsdottir et al., 2021 [29]

Well-being—Questionnaire

Daily before the first training session

7.9 ± 1.2

Andrade et al., 2021 [31]

Recovery—TQR Scale

Daily before the first training session

PS—TQR: 14.27 ± 1.50

CPI—TQR: 15.26 ± 1.43

CPII—TQR: 15.06 ± 1.47

Timoteo et al., 2021 [17]

Recovery—TQR Scale

Once per week

No injured players—16.67 ± 6.09

Injured players (overuse)—15.26 ± 2.66

Injured players (trauma)—14.63 ± 2.20

Ungureanu et al., 2021 [32]

Well-being—Hooper's index

Daily before the first training session

MB—15.9

OH—13.8

RSH—15.3

L—15.6

SE—15.0

Kupperman et al., 2021 [33]

Well-being—Questionnaire

Daily before the first training session or game

F: 2.1 ± 0.9

M: 1.7 ± 0.9

S: 2.1 ± 1.1

SO: 1.9 ± 0.9

Berriel et al., 2020 [34]

Well-being—RESTQ-Sport

6 times in different weeks of the 16 studied

M1: 169.01 ± 94.42; M2: 673.92 ± 461.45; M3: 520.77 ± 348.87; M4: 631.76 ± 579.30; M5: 270.78 ± 245.37; M6: 330.23 ± 206.98

Horta et al., 2020 [35]

Well-being—POMS Recovery—TQR Scale

Daily before the first training session or game

PS—V: 20.62 ± 3.96; F: 11.82 ± 2.76; TQR: 14.95 ± 0.79

CPI—V: 18.31 ± 4.62; F: 12.89 ± 2.73; TQR: 15.33 ± 0.94

CPII—V: 18.76 ± 3.74; F: 8.65 ± 2.65; TQR: 15.74 ± 1.01

Clemente et al., 2020 [38]

Well-being—Hooper's index

Daily before the first training session or game

CPI—Weekly index: 61.82 ± 11.57

CPII—Weekly index: 54.46 ± 16.68

Duarte et al., 2019 [40]

Well-being—Questionnaire Recovery—TQR Scale

First and last training/game of the week

CPI—TQR: 16.7 ± 1.1

CPII—TQR: 15.9 ± 1.1

Clemente et al., 2019 [41]

Well-being—Hooper's index

Daily before the first training session or game

CPI > index > CPII

Horta et al., 2019 [42]

Well-being—RESTQ-Sport

Daily before the first training session

The General Well-being value was lower at Weeks 2 and 6 than at baseline. The Injury at Week 4 was larger than that at baseline

Roy et al., 2019 [44]

Well-being—Hooper's index

Daily before the first training session

10.3 ± 3.5

Hyatt and Kavazis, 2019 [45]

Stress scale

7 times in different parts of the season

Perceived stress peaked during the mid-season

Mendes et al., 2018 [48]

Well-being—Hooper's index

Daily before the first training session

Regular weeks: best index score MD; congested weeks: index disrupted several days of the week

Tavares et al., 2018 [49]

Well-being—Questionnaire Muscle soreness—Questionnaire

Daily before the first training session

Decrease in wellness scores and increase in fatigue and soreness during the week

Debien et al., 2018 [50]

Recovery—TQR Scale

Daily before the first training session

PS—TQR: 15.63 ± 0.80

CPI—TQR: 15.02 ± 1.03

CPII—TQR: 14.75 ± 0.79

Brandão et al., 2018 [51]

Well-being—Questionnaire Recovery—TQR Scale

Daily before the first training session

Regular weeks—TQR: 15.61 ± 0.33

Congested weeks—TQR: 15.58 ± 0.57

Nogueira et al., 2017 [52]

Well-being—Questionnaire

First and last training of the week

Decrease in wellness scores and increase in fatigue and soreness during the week

Timoteo et al., 2017 [16]

Well-being—Hooper's index Recovery—TQR Scale

Daily before the first training session or game

Hooper: Day 1 > Day 2 > Day 5 > Day 3 > Day 6 > Day 4

TQR: Day 1 > Day 2 > Day 6 > Day 5 > Day 4 > Day 3

de Freitas et al., 2015 [54]

Well-being—RESTQ-Sport

Daily before the first training session

Higher fatigue and injury scores during the pre-season period

  1. All data are in arbitrary units
  2. CPI competitive period I, CPII competitive period II, F fatigue, M mood, PS pre-season, RESTQ-Sport Recovery Stress Questionnaire for Athletes, S stress, SD sleep duration, SO   soreness, SQ sleep quality, TQR total quality recovery scale, V vigor