Fig. 4

Mediolateral head angle (A) and its symmetry and amplitude (B). (A) After approaching 70% of the measured maximum speed, participants cycled for 1 min at a constant speed. The sign of the angle represents the direction of head tilt. Positive and negative angles indicate right and left directions, respectively. Data for the final 40 s after the participant reached the target speed were analyzed. The right-side (A, red circles) and left-side (A, blue circles) peak angles for each cycle were used to calculate symmetry (SI) in and the amplitude (amp) of the head angle. (B) The average right and left peak angles demonstrate symmetry in mediolateral head movement. An SI value of 0 indicates perfectly symmetric head movement. The amplitude of mediolateral head movement was calculated as the difference between the right and left peak values