Table 1 Data of participants’ clinical characteristics
Total n = 534 | Convex n = 129 | Non-convex n = 405 | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D | 95% CI | Mean ± S.D | 95% CI | Mean ± S.D | 95% CI | |||||
Sex | M: F | 369:165 | 104:25 | 265:140 | 0.002 | |||||
Age | [years] | 67.0 ± 12.9 | [65.9–68.1] | 68.2 ± 11.7 | [66.2–70.3] | 66.6 ± 13.3 | [65.3–67.9] | 0.215 | ||
Height | [cm] | 161.9 ± 9.2 | [161.2-162.7] | 163.1 ± 9.0 | [161.6-164.7] | 161.5 ± 9.2 | [160.7-162.4] | 0.087 | ||
Body weight | [kg] | 62.5 ± 14.6 | [61.3–63.7] | 64.6 ± 15.3 | [62-67.2] | 61.8 ± 14.3 | [60.4–63.2] | 0.059 | ||
BMI | 23.7 ± 4.4 | [23.3–24.1] | 24.2 ± 4.6 | [23.4–24.9] | 23.5 ± 4.3 | [23.1–24.0] | 0.169 | |||
NYHA classification | [0:I: II: III: IV] | 97:213:155:69:0 | 20:48:46:15:0 | 77:165:109:54:0 | 0.288 | |||||
Ischemic heart disease | 165 (30.9) | 42 (32.6) | 123 (30.4) | 0.662 | ||||||
Valve disease | 56 (10.5) | 10 (7.8) | 46 (11.4) | 0.322 | ||||||
Chronic heart failure | 154 (28.8) | 43 (33.3) | 111 (27.4) | 0.267 | ||||||
Atrial fibrillation | 32 (6.0) | 10 (7.8) | 22 (5.4) | 0.393 | ||||||
Others | 52 (9.7) | 14 (10.9) | 38 (9.4) | 0.612 | ||||||
Normal participants | 97 (18.2) | 20 (15.5) | 77 (19.0) | 0.432 | ||||||
LVEF | [%] | 55.8 ± 14.4 | [54.6–57.0] | 55.8 ± 13.5 | [53.4–58.2] | 55.8 ± 14.7 | [54.3–57.2] | 0.927 | ||
BNP | [pg/dL] | 150.4 ± 247.6 | [126.8–174.0] | 136.1 ± 162.4 | [104.9-167.3] | 154.2 ± 267.9 | [125.1-183.2] | 0.550 | ||
Smoking history | 339 (63.5) | 85 (65.9) | 254 (62.7) | 0.531 | ||||||
bronchial inhalers | 75 (14.0) | 21 (16.3) | 54 (13.3) | |||||||
GOLD classification | [0:I: II: III: IV] | 397:86:39:9:3 | 79:24:15:8:3 | 318:62:24:1:0 | < 0.001 | |||||