Table 2 BFRT ankle training movements

Heel Lift

1. Subjects wearing BFRT equipment stood at a certain height step (10–15 cm), body upright, knee joints slightly bent toes naturally facing forward, forefoot on the edge of the step, both heels hanging in the air, hands on the wall or chair to maintain body balance.

2. Exhale during the centripetal phase, stretch the ankle joints and fully contract the back of the calves to stand on tiptoe.

3. During the centrifugal phase, inhale, flex the ankle joints, sink the body weight, and maximize the elongation of the back of the calves.

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set of 12–15 reps / 4–6 sets total

20-50mmHg

Resisted dorsiflexion

1. The subject sits on the floor wearing BFRT equipment with legs extended. The elastic band is placed around the back of the affected forefoot and the subject holds the ends of the band with both hands.

2. During the centripetal phase, the subject exhaled, dorsiflexed the ankle joint, pulled the elastic band to give maximum resistance, and held it at the extreme angle of dorsiflexion for 3–5 s.

3. During the centrifugal phase, inhale, extend the ankle joint, slowly release the tension from the elastic band, and return the ankle joint to its initial position.

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set of 15–20 reps / 6 sets in total

20-50mmg

Resisted Hallux Valgus

1. The subject sits on the floor wearing BFRT equipment with legs extended. The elastic band is wrapped around the outside of the affected foot, and the experimenter holds both ends of the band with both hands.

2. During the centripetal phase, the subject exhaled, turned the ankle out, pulled the elastic band to give maximum resistance, and held it at the extreme angle of the foot’s turning out for 3–5 s.

3. During the centrifugal phase, inhale, invert the ankle joint, slowly release the tension on the elastic band, and return the ankle joint to its initial position

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set of 15–20 reps / 6 sets in total

20-50mmg

Resisted Hallux Valgus

1. The subject sits on the floor wearing BFRT equipment with legs extended. The elastic band is placed around the medial aspect of the affected foot.

2. During the centripetal phase, exhale, turn the ankle inward, pull the elastic band to give maximum resistance, and hold it at the extreme angle of foot valgus for 3–5 s.

3. Inhale during the centrifugal phase, turn the ankle out, slowly release the tension on the elastic band and return the ankle to its initial position.

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set of 10–12 reps / 3 sets total

20-50mmg

Bosu ball single leg support training

1. Place the Bosu ball on the ground with the ball facing upwards and the flat surface facing downwards, the subject wears the BFRT equipment and stands on the ball with one leg. Without the aid of any supporting objects, the subject stands with one leg slightly bent, takes a deep breath, and maintains supported standing for 30–60 s.

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set of 30–60 s / 3 sets in total

20-50mmg

Bosu Ball Kick Balance

1. Place the Bosu ball on the ground, with the surface of the ball facing upwards and the flat surface facing downwards, and stand on the surface of the ball with one leg while wearing the BFRT equipment. Without the aid of any supporting objects, the subject stood with one leg slightly flexed, and the healthy leg remained flexed at 90° to complete the leg raising movement.

2. Exhale during the centripetal phase and raise the healthy leg to the highest point.

During the centrifugal phase, inhale and slowly lower the healthy leg back to the initial position.

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set of 10–15 s / 3 sets in total

Bosu Ball Plank Support

Place the Bosu ball on the ground with the flat surface facing up and the ball surface facing down. Subjects wear BFRT equipment and place their legs on the Bosu ball surface to complete the 30–60 surface plank support maneuver.

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set 30–60 s/total 2 sets

20-50mmg

Bosu Ball Squat

1. Place the Bosu ball on the ground with the flat surface facing up and the ball surface facing down, the subject wears BFRT equipment and places his/her legs on the plane of the Bosu ball and completes the squat with no weight bearing.

2. Exhale during the centripetal phase, the subject extends the hips, stands up slowly, straightens the knee joints, restores the body to its initial position, and keeps the ankle joints stable during the squat. During the centrifugal phase 3. Inhale, the subject flexed the hips and slowly squatted until the knee was below 90° of flexion, keeping the ankle joint stable.

2 times a week / 4 weeks in total

1 set of 15–20 reps / 4–6 sets in total

20-50mmg