Dependence on visual information in patients with ACL injury for multi-joint coordination during single-leg squats: a case control study

Table 3 Effects of visual information for CAV and SaEn

CE/OE index	Healthy	ACLD	Uninjured	F value	P value
Ascending phase CAV	2.89±2.47	3.39±2.89	3.68±2.72	0.49	0.617
Descending phase CAV	1.08±0.25	1.39±0.49^†	1.29±0.43	3.34	0.036^*
SaEn CA	1.29±0.16	1.46±0.31	1.55±0.43^†	3.82	0.027^*

mean ± S.D.
*: indicate significant in one-way ANOVA
†: indicate significant difference compared with Healthy, post-hoc: Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test
ACLD: anterior cruciate ligament deficient, OE: open eyes, CE: closed eyes,
CAV: coupling angle variability, SaEn: sample entropy, CA: coupling angle

ISSN: 2052-1847