Table 2 Shoulder strength (in Nm) in men and women by age

Men

45.2 ± 15.8^¶ (n = 60)

42.8 ± 15.6^¶ (n = 60)

33.6 ± 11.3^¶ (n = 81)

34.0 ± 9.9^¶ (n = 60)

18–39

46.8 ± 16.5^¶ (n = 25)

45.7 ± 15.6^¶,a (n = 25)

33.6 ± 9.0^¶,a (n = 42)

35.8 ± 9.5^¶,a (n = 25)

40–59

50.5 ± 16.7^¶ (n = 18)

49.4 ± 15.5^¶,b (n = 18)

40.0 ± 11.8^¶,b (n = 21)

38.6 ± 8.6^¶,b (n = 18)

60+

37.1 ± 10.1^¶ (n = 17)

31.5 ± 8.8^{¶,a, b} (n = 17)

25.9 ± 11.2^{¶,a, b} (n = 18)

26.5 ± 7.7^{¶,a, b} (n = 17)

Women

20.7 ± 7.6^¶ (n = 71)

18.7 ± 6.6^¶ (n = 71)

17.0 ± 4.8^¶ (n = 88)

16.6 ± 5.2^¶ (n = 71)

18–39

23.2 ± 9.0^¶ (n = 28)

21.0 ± 7.2^¶ (n = 28)

17.2 ± 5.0^¶ (n = 43)

17.5 ± 5.7^¶ (n = 28)

40–59

18.8 ± 5.7^¶ (n = 31)

17.6 ± 5.6^¶ (n = 31)

17.5 ± 3.7^¶ (n = 32)

16.0 ± 2.9^¶ (n = 31)

60+

19.8 ± 7.1^¶ (n = 12)

16.2 ± 6.3^¶ (n = 12)

14.8 ± 5.9^¶ (n = 13)

15.8 ± 8.3^¶ (n = 12)

Total

31.9 ± 17.1^§ (n = 131)

29.7 ± 16.7^§ (n = 131)

24.9 ± 11.9^§ (n = 169)

24.6 ± 11.6^§ (n = 131)

18–39

34.3 ± 17.6 (n = 53)

32.6 ± 17.2 (n = 53)

25.3 ± 11.0 (n = 85)

26.2 ± 11.9 (n = 53)

40–59

30.5 ± 18.9 (n = 49)

29.3 ± 18.6 (n = 49)

26.4 ± 13.7 (n = 53)

24.3 ± 12.3 (n = 49)

60+

30.0 ± 12.4 (n = 29)

25.1 ± 10.9 (n = 29)

21.3 ± 10.8 (n = 31)

22.1 ± 9.5 (n = 29)