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Table 1 Mechanical properties of human ligaments and tendons

From: Role of biomechanics in the understanding of normal, injured, and healing ligaments and tendons

Tissue

Modulus (MPa)

Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa)

Ultimate Strain (%)

Source

Knee

    

   Medial Collateral Ligament

332 ± 58

39 ± 5

17 ± 2

[74]

   Anterior Cruciate Ligament

65–447

13–46

15–44

[75–77]

   Posterior Cruciate Ligament

150–447

30–36

11–19

[67, 75, 78]

   Patellar Tendon

504–680

54–65

12–15

[75, 79, 80]

Lower extremity

    

   Gracilis Tendon

590–1734

111–112

7–19.4

[79, 81]

   Semitendinosus Tendon

540–1081

89–124

8–23

[79, 81]

   Achilles Tendon

819 ± 208

79 ± 22

9 ± 2

[82]

Shoulder

    

   Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

5–42

1–6

8–33

[83, 84]

   Posterior Glenohumeral Capsule

10–32

2–5

22–23

[85]