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Table 5 Characteristics of the included studies (continued)

From: Neuromuscular training to enhance sensorimotor and functional deficits in subjects with chronic ankle instability: A systematic review and best evidence synthesis

Author

Study Population

Presence

of MI

Groupings/Intervention

Outcome Measures

Significant Findings

Within Group Effect Sizes

Between Group Effect Sizes

Powers et al, 2004 [23]

38 subjects (22 males, 16 females) with unilateral FAI

Absent on examination

Strength training group - theraband strength training 3 times a week × 6 weeks

Proprioceptive training group -proprioceptive training involving "T-band kicks" 3 times a week × 6 weeks

Combination training group -performed a combination of both training protocols 3 times a week × 6 weeks

Control group - no intervention

Muscle fatigue was determined using the median power frequency (fmed) from an EMG signal for TA and PL

COP values for A/P and M/L directions, and the mean overall deviations from COP were obtained

No significant effects of any intervention on measures of muscle fatigue and static balance

No significant within group effect was observed

No significant effect between group effect was observed

Clarke and Burden, 2005 [31]

19 male subjects with FAI

Absent on examination

Control group (n = 9) - no intervention

Exercise group (n = 10) - wobble board training 3 times a week × 4 weeks

MRTs were measured for TA, and PL in response to sudden inversion

AJFAT scores

The exercise group showed a significant decrease in muscle onset latency for both TA and PL, and a significant improvement in AJFAT scores

TA = 1.29

PL = 1.20

Both effect sizes were reported in the paper without presentation of mean ± SD values

Data was presented in graphical format without the reporting of mean ± SD values

  1. MI = mechanical instability; FAI = functional ankle instability; EMG = electromyography, TA = tibialis anterior; PL = peroneus longus; COP = center of pressure; A/P = anterior-posterior; M/L = medial/lateral; MRT = muscle reaction time; AJFAT = ankle joint functional assessment tool; SD = standard deviation