Table 6 Characteristics of the included studies (continued)

Kynsburg et al, 2006 [30]

20 subjects (10 males,

10 females):10 with unilateral FAI, 10 healthy matched controls

Not specified

FAI training group (n = 10) -single leg proprioceptive training 3 times per week × 6 weeks

Healthy control group (n = 10) - no intervention

Active JPS was measured using the slope-box test for 11 different slope amplitudes in 4 directions (anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial).

Within the training group there was a significant improvement in JPS error in the posterior direction, as well as an overall improvement of the mean absolute estimate error

Posterior JPS: 0.47; 95% CI (1.76-5.0)

Cumulative JPS: 0.40; 95% CI (1.99-5.43)

Insufficient data

Control group mean ± SD values are not reported in the paper

Ross et al, 2007 [10]

30 subjects (16 females, 14 males) with FAI

Majority of subjects had MI (67% with a positive anterior drawer, 76% with talar tilt laxity)

Coordination training group (n = 10) - single leg coordination training 3 times a week × 6 weeks

SR coordination training group (n = 10) - identical exercises but received SR stimulation during training

Control group (n = 10) - no intervention

COP measures: A/P sway velocity, M/L sway velocity, M/L standard deviation, M/L maximum excursion, and area

The control and coordination group posttest outcomes were not significantly different for any of the measures recorded

No significant within group effect was observed

No significant effect between group effect was observed