Sex-dimorphic landing mechanics and their role within the noncontact ACL injury mechanism: evidence, limitations and directions

Beaulieu, Mélanie L; McLean, Scott G

doi:10.1186/1758-2555-4-10

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 2 Summary of studies investigating sex differences in knee flexion angles and moments during a vertical landing task

From: Sex-dimorphic landing mechanics and their role within the noncontact ACL injury mechanism: evidence, limitations and directions

References	Population		Landing Task		Result†
	Category	Mean Age (years)	Double-Leg vs. Single Leg	Height (cm)	at IC	peak	RoM
Knee Flexion Angle
Ford et al. [26]	Adolescent	12-16 (range)	Double	31	0	+	---
Walsh et al. [44]	Adult-Athlete	19.5	Double	30.5	0	0	---
Salci et al. [40]	Adult-Athlete	21.4	Double	40 & 60	---	- (40) 0 (60)	---
Hughes & Watkins [29]	Adult-Athlete	21.4	Double	not specified^‡	-	0	+
Hughes et al. [31]	Adult-Athlete	21.4	Double	not specified^‡	0	+	+
Russell et al. [39]	Adolescent & Adult	9.5 (youth) 23.9 (adult)	Double	50% of maximum vertical jump height	0	---	---
Cortes et al. [21]	Adult	23.8	Double	30	0	0	---
Chaudhari et al. [9]	Adult	19.9	Double	30.48	0	---	---
Earl et al. [23]	Adult	22.8	Double	31	---	0	---
Huston et al. [8]	Adult	28.0	Double	20, 40 & 60	0 (20) - (40 & 60)	0	0
Shultz et al. [12]	Adult	22.4	Double	45	0	---	+
Gehring et al. [27]	Adult	23.8	Double	52	0	+	---
Decker et al. [22]	Adult	27.5	Double	60	-	---	-
Kernozek et al. [32]	Adult	24.1	Double	60	0	0	0
Pappas et al. [37]	Adult	28.5	Double & Single	40	0	0	---
Kiriyama et al. [33]	Adolescent	17.0	Single	20	---	0	---
Lephart et al. [34]	Adult-Athlete	20.3	Single	20	---	-	---
Fagenbaum & Darling [24]	Adult-Athlete	not specified	Single	25.4 & 50.8	+	+	---
Nagano et al. [35]	Adult-Athlete	19.6	Single	30	0	0^a	---
Orishimo et al. [36]	Adult-Athlete	26.3	Single	30	0	0	0
Urabe et al. [42]	Adult-Athlete	22.1	Single	maximum vertical jump height	0	---	---
Schmitz et al. [41]	Adult	23.2	Single	30	0	---	-
Kernozek et al. [10]	Adult	23.4	Single	50	---	0	---
TOTAL*				% (-/+/0)	20/5/75	11/22/67	25/38/38
Knee Flexion Moment
Ford et al. [26]	Adolescent	12-16 (range)	Double	31	---	0	---
Salci et al. [40]	Adult-Athlete	21.4	Double	40 & 60	---	0 (40) + (60)	---
Chaudhari et al. [9]	Adult	19.9	Double	30.48	---	0	---
Shultz et al. [12]	Adult	22.4	Double	45	---	+	---
Decker et al. [22]	Adult	27.5	Double	60	---	0	---
Kernozek et al. [32]	Adult	24.1	Double	60	---	0	---
Orishimo et al. [36]	Adult-Athlete	26.3	Single	30	0	0	---
Kernozek et al. [10]	Adult	23.4	Single	50	---	0	---
TOTAL*				% (-/+/0)	0/0/100	0/22/78	---

† +: greater value in female subjects; -: smaller value in female subjects; 0: no differences between sexes; ---: not investigated
^‡ Landing from a jump to block a volleyball in the presence of a net of standard, sex-specific height
^a knee flexion angle at peak vertical ground reaction force
* Percentage of studies having found lower (-), greater (+), and similar (0) values in female subjects in comparison with male subjects
IC: initial ground contact; RoM: range of motion

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ISSN: 2052-1847

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