A comparison of the musculoskeletal assessments of the shoulder girdles of professional rugby players and professional soccer players

Table 3 Suggested GHJ Range of Motion

TEST	Method according to
G.H.J. Range of abduction and flexion	McFarland, 2006 [27]
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD)	Wilk, et al. 2002 [28]
Active GH IR/ER	Magee, 1992 [29]
Passive GH IR/ER @ 90’ abduction	Sahrmann, 2002 [8]
Humeral head position	Sahrmann, 2002 [8]
Sulcus Test	Sahrmann, 2002 [8]
Hawkins impingement test	Hawkins and Kennedy, 1980 [30]
Neer’s impingement test	Neer and Welsh, 1971 [31]
*Pectoralis minor length passive	Kendal, et al. 1993 [25]
Pectoralis minor length active	Sahrmann, 2002 [8]
Pectoralis major length	Sahrmann, 2002 [8]
Upper trapezius length	Kendal, et al. 1993 [25]
Posterior Capsule tightness	Tyler, et al. 1999 [32]
Lateral and medial GHJ rotation isometric strength	Kendal, et al. 1993 [25]
Middle and lower trapezius isometric strength	Kendal, et al. 1993 [25]

* At present there are no “gold standard” reference tests for the measurement of pectoralis minor length [33].