From: A comparative assessment of alternatives to the full-leg radiograph for determining knee joint alignment
Method mean ± SD
95% Confidence interval
Mechanical axis, °† 175.9 ± 11.3
173.73 - 178.19
Anatomic axis, °† 179.1 ± 12.9
176.53 - 181.65
Calliper method, mm† −11.0 ± 81.3
-27.13 – 5.11
Goniometer, °† 178.1 ± 9.4
176.21 – 179.93