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Table 2 Alignment characteristics according to each measurement procedure

From: A comparative assessment of alternatives to the full-leg radiograph for determining knee joint alignment

Method mean ± SD

95% Confidence interval

Mechanical axis, °† 175.9 ± 11.3

173.73 - 178.19

Anatomic axis, °† 179.1 ± 12.9

176.53 - 181.65

Calliper method, mm† −11.0 ± 81.3

-27.13 – 5.11

Goniometer, °† 178.1 ± 9.4

176.21 – 179.93

  1. Lower values represent a more varus knee alignment.