Table 1 Description of body positions during measurements
Muscle force/movement | Joint/Limb position | Localization HHD | Position subject | Fixation subject | Position/fixation observer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elbow flexion | Neutral shoulder, elbow flexed 90°; upper arm against trunk | Just proximal to styloid process of radius | Lying supine | By body weight; feet against wall | Alongside the table and test subject, leaning backward |
Elbow extension | Same as in flexion | Just proximal to ulnar head | Same as in flexion | Same as in flexion | Same as in flexion |
Knee flexion | Hip and knee flexed 90° | Just proximal to calcaneus | Sitting on table | By body weight and active fixation while gripping table | In front of test subject; feet fixed onto table |
Knee extension | Same as in flexion | Just proximal to talis | Same as in flexion | By body weight and active fixation. | In front of test subject; fixated by body weight, gripping table, and pushing forward; HHD fixation against upper leg |
Shoulder abduction | 90° abduction in shoulder | Just proximal to lateral epicondyle | Sitting on examination table or chair | Body weight | Behind subject |