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Table 2 Hurdle hop discrete point findings – inter-limb differences in peak variable magnitudes during the eccentric phase

From: Biomechanical symmetry in elite rugby union players during dynamic tasks: an investigation using discrete and continuous data analysis techniques

Variable

Dominant

Non-dominant

Diff

AI%

p value

Effect size

Ankle angles (deg)

      

DorsiF (+)/PlantF(−)

16.8 ± 4.2

17.8 ± 4.4

1.0

5

0.58

0.21

Ever(+)/ Inv(−)

4.5 ± 2.4

4.2 ± 2.6

0.3

8

0.73

−0.13

Ankle moments (Nm/kg)

      

PlantF(+)/DorsiF(−)

3.4 ± 0.5

3.4 ± 0.5

0.0

0

0.86

0.07

Ever(+)/ Inv(−)

0.4 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2

0.0

0

0.93

0.04

Knee angles (deg)

      

Flex(+)/Ext(−)

42.3 ± 10.3

43.3 ± 8.8

1.0

2

0.79

0.10

Var(+)/Valg(−)

−3.1 ± 5.6

−0.6 ± 5.7

2.5

132

0.25

0.44

Knee moments (Nm/kg)

      

Ext (+)/Flex(−)

2.6 ± 0.7

2.8 ± 0.5

0.2

7

0.50

0.26

Valg(+)/Var(−)

1.9 ± 0.6

2.1 ± 0.6

0.2

10

0.23

0.46

Hip angles (deg)

      

Flex(+)/Ext(−)

34.0 ± 6.5

33.3 ± 7.2

0.7

2

0.79

−0.10

Add(+)/ Ab(−)

−8.1 ± 5.3

−5.9 ± 4.0

2.2

31

0.24

0.45

Hip moments (Nm/kg)

      

Ext (+)/Flex(−)

2.9 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 0.9

0.0

0

1.00

0.00

Ab(+)/Add(−)

1.5 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.4

0.0

0

0.55

0.23

Pelvis angles (deg)

      

AntT(+)/PostT(−)

11.9 ± 4.4

11.7 ± 4.3

0.2

2

0.91

−0.05

Contra Drop(+)/Contra Lift(−)

−1.4 ± 4.7

3.1 ± 4.1*

4.5

264

0.01

0.92

Thorax angles (deg)

      

Flex(+)/Ext(−)

6.8 ± 7.9

4.7 ± 7.4

2.1

38

0.46

0.29

LatFlex(+)/MedFlex(−)

7.9 ± 5.9

8.7 ± 4.0

0.8

10

0.68

0.16

Ground reaction force (N/kg)

      

Vertical

29.2 ± 4.0

28.6 ± 2.6

0.6

2

0.67

0.16

  1. *Significant inter-limb difference (p < 0.05)
  2. Diff: difference; AI: asymmetry index; Sig: significance
  3. DorsiF: dorsiflexion; PlantF: plantarflexion; Ever: eversion; Inv: inversion; Flex: flexion; Ext: extension; Var: varus; Val: valgus; Add: adduction; Ab: abduction; AntT: anterior tilt; PostT: posterior tilt; Contra: contralateral; LatFlex: lateral flexion; MedFlex: medial flexion