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Table 1 Physical and physiological characteristics at baseline and 12weeks for control, HRR, and ACE-3ZM groups. (Values are mean ± SD)

From: Is a threshold-based model a superior method to the relative percent concept for establishing individual exercise intensity? a randomized controlled trial

Parameter

Control group

HRR group

ACE-3ZM group

(n = 12; women = 7, men = 5)

(n = 12; women = 6, men = 6)

(n = 12; women = 6, men = 6)

Baseline

12weeks

Baseline

12weeks

Baseline

12weeks

Age (yr)

33.5 ± 7.0

____

33.0 ± 9.8

____

31.7 ± 9.6

____

Height (cm)

165.5 ± 9.6

____

170.3 ± 7.1

____

169.3 ± 12.7

____

Body mass (kg)

72.1 ± 9.6

72.2 ± 9.2

73.3 ± 12.4

73.8 ± 12.2*

72.8 ± 15.7

72.8 ± 15.5

Waist circumference (cm)

81.8 ± 8.4

82.0 ± 8.2

81.7 ± 8.3

82.5 ± 8.4*

80.1 ± 11.3

79.8 ± 10.8

Body fat (%)

19.8 ± 5.9

20.6 ± 5.4*

16.1 ± 5.1

16.6 ± 5.2*

19.5 ± 6.4

18.7 ± 6.2*‡

Resting HR (b⋅min−1)

64.6 ± 12.2

65.2 ± 8.9

59.4 ± 11.6

59.3 ± 7.6

69.1 ± 7.4

65.1 ± 3.7

Maximal HR (b⋅min−1)

179.0 ± 14.0

180.6 ± 12.3

180.9 ± 14.3

182.3 ± 12.0

182.4 ± 12.8

184.5 ± 12.9*

VO2max (mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1)

30.4 ± 6.4

29.9 ± 6.0

34.9 ± 5.3

36.6 ± 5.4*†

34.3 ± 9.0

38.3 ± 9.2*‡

Systolic BP (mmHg)

118.4 ± 9.7

120.0 ± 8.9

117.4 ± 6.8

119.3 ± 5.3

117.9 ± 9.8

115.9 ± 7.1

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

78.4 ± 8.9

80.5 ± 4.9

79.4 ± 3.7

78.6 ± 4.8

73.7 ± 11.2

74.0 ± 9.1

Total cholesterol (mg⋅dL−1)

192.1 ± 32.9

194.4 ± 28.0

188.4 ± 23.8

188.9 ± 23.8

179.0 ± 47.1

168.3 ± 30.0

HDL cholesterol (mg⋅dL−1)

52.0 ± 21.9

50.5 ± 19.1

53.3 ± 14.5

55.0 ± 14.7

51.8 ± 20.9

60.2 ± 20.3*‡

LDL cholesterol (mg⋅dL−1)

111.0 ± 29.2

113.1 ± 25.8

110.2 ± 25.6

109.7 ± 22.4

92.2 ± 28.8

85.9 ± 27.7*

Triglycerides (mg⋅dL−1)

115.4 ± 41.5

123.2 ± 40.8

118.2 ± 70.4

120.3 ± 57.5

94.8 ± 45.9

97.5 ± 33.0

Blood Glucose (mg⋅dL−1)

88.5 ± 5.5

89.8 ± 7.1

90.1 ± 5.1

89.8 ± 5.1

92.4 ± 10.2

90.1 ± 4.9

  1. *Within-group change is significantly different from baseline, p < 0.05; † Change from baseline is significantly different than control group, p < 0.05; ‡ Change from baseline is significantly different than control and HRR groups, p < 0.05