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Table 1 Effects of simulated game activities on isokinetic parameters for dominant limbs of handball athletes

From: Effect of fatigue caused by a simulated handball game on ball throwing velocity, shoulder muscle strength and balance ratio: a prospective study

 

Before

After

P value

ES

IC

External rotator

 Positive peak torque at 60 deg.s−1 (Nm)

43.3 ± 7.7*

40.6 ± 6.4

0.02

0.38

−0.13 to −0.63

 Positive total work at 60 deg.s−1 (J)

51.7 ± 9.8*

46.7 ± 8.5

0.01

0.54

−0.24 to-0.84

 Positive peak torque at 300 deg.s−1 (Nm)

35.2 ± 5.0

34.5 ± 2.5

0.41

0.17

0.19 to −0.53

 Average power at 300 deg.s−1 (W)

65.3 ± 14.4

59.2 ± 10.3

0.12

0.48

0.032 to −0.99

 Negative peak torque at 90 deg.s−1 (Nm)

45.2 ± 9.8

38.9 ± 9.5

0.06

0.65

−0.096 to −1.2

 Negative peak torque at 300 deg.s−1 (Nm)

44.7 ± 6.2*

40.4 ± 4.5

0.04

0.79

 

Internal rotator

 Positive peak torque at 60 deg.s−1 (Nm)

71.3 ± 13.7*

60.9 ± 10.2

0.01

0.86

−0.37 to −1.3

 Positive total work at 60 deg.s−1 (J)

90.9 ± 16.9*

77.8 ± 13.1

0.00

0.86

−0.86 to −0.86

 Positive peak torque at 300 deg.s−1 (Nm)

66.5 ± 12.3*

61.3 ± 12.3

0.00

0.42

−0.42 to −0.42

 Average power at 300 deg.s−1 (W)

113.3 ± 29.4*

94.8 ± 29.1

0.02

0.63

−0.22 to −1

 Negative peak torque at 90 deg.s−1 (Nm)

79.8 ± 13.6

68.9 ± 17.2

0.06

0.70

−0.1 to −1.3

 Negative peak torque at 300 deg.s−1 (Nm)

69.9 ± 14.6

62.9 ± 12.9

0.16

0.51

0.051 to −1.1

Balance ratios

 Conventional ratio

0.61 ± 0.1

0.67 ± 0.1

0.063

0.60

−0.081 to −1.1

 Functional ratio

0.68 ± 0.1

0.67 ± 0.2

0.806

0.06

0.37 to −0.49

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ES effect size, IC interval confidence
  2. *p < 0.05, differs from after, Student t test