Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 34 subjects

Sex, male/female

N = 26/8

Age, years (range)

67.3 ± 8.1 (50–84)

Height, cm

163.2 ± 7.9

Weight, kg

54.9 ± 7.6

Body mass index

20.6 ± 2.2

Smoking history

N = 31

Squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma

N = 33/1

Clinical stage, 0-I/II/III/IV

N = 12/4/16/2

Lymphadenectomy, 1/2/3 fields

N = 1/24/9

Preoperative adjuvant therapy

N = 22

COPD

N = 12

%VC

101.5 ± 14.1

%FEV₁

94.0 ± 15.9

FEV₁/FVC, %

73.0 ± 7.9

Open surgery/video-assisted thoracic surgery

N = 31/3

Operation time, min

520 ± 90

Blood loss during surgery, ml

719 ± 456

Intensive Care Unit stay, days

1.3 ± 0.6

Timing of extubation, 0/1/2 postoperative days

N = 23/9/2

Hospital stay after surgery, days

21.2 ± 15.0

Walking with support, postoperative days

1.9 ± 1.8