Towards evidence based strength training: a comparison of muscle forces during deadlifts, goodmornings and split squats

Schellenberg, Florian; Taylor, William R.; Lorenzetti, Silvio

doi:10.1186/s13102-017-0077-x

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 1 Maximal normalised muscle forces and standard deviation of 11 muscles for 23 different strength exercise variations

From: Towards evidence based strength training: a comparison of muscle forces during deadlifts, goodmornings and split squats

				Quadriceps				Hamstrings				m. gluteus maximus
				rf	vi	vl	vm	bl	bs	sm	st	lp	ip	mp
		LL	TA	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]	[N/kg]
GM 25				1 ± 2	0 ± 1	0 ± 1	0 ± 1	10 ± 3	15 ± 6	14 ± 5	1 ± 1	3 ± 1	12 ± 5	3 ± 2
DL 25				8 ± 5	18 ± 4	30 ± 4	21 ± 5	13 ± 3	6 ± 5	28 ± 5	3 ± 2	6 ± 3	20 ± 4	8 ± 2
DL 50				10 ± 6	22 ± 4	34 ± 6	25 ± 6	15 ± 4	8 ± 5	30 ± 5	5 ± 3	8 ± 3	21 ± 3	11 ± 2
Split Squat 25	front	55%	60°	5 ± 8	22 ± 3	33 ± 3	26 ± 5	12 ± 8	3 ± 2	22 ± 7	2 ± 0	10 ± 3	24 ± 3	4 ± 2
		55%	75°	1 ± 1	21 ± 4	31 ± 4	24 ± 7	12 ± 6	4 ± 2	19 ± 7	2 ± 1	10 ± 4	24 ± 5	3 ± 1
		55%	90°	2 ± 3	19 ± 5	28 ± 7	22 ± 7	12 ± 6	5 ± 3	19 ± 8	1 ± 1	9 ± 5	23 ± 5	3 ± 1
		70%	60°	6 ± 10	22 ± 3	31 ± 5	28 ± 4	17 ± 7	3 ± 2	26 ± 7	2 ± 0	12 ± 3	25 ± 3	4 ± 2
		70%	75°	2 ± 4	21 ± 4	32 ± 4	25 ± 6	14 ± 7	4 ± 2	22 ± 7	2 ± 1	11 ± 3	25 ± 4	3 ± 2
		70%	90°	6 ± 10	20 ± 5	30 ± 6	25 ± 7	16 ± 6	5 ± 2	24 ± 10	2 ± 1	10 ± 4	25 ± 4	4 ± 2
		85%	60°	6 ± 12	22 ± 2	33 ± 4	29 ± 3	21 ± 5	3 ± 2	34 ± 8	3 ± 1	11 ± 4	25 ± 3	7 ± 4
		85%	75°	4 ± 9	21 ± 3	33 ± 5	26 ± 5	16 ± 7	3 ± 2	27 ± 8	2 ± 1	10 ± 3	24 ± 3	4 ± 2
		85%	90°	1 ± 2	20 ± 4	32 ± 6	24 ± 7	16 ± 6	4 ± 3	26 ± 9	2 ± 2	11 ± 3	25 ± 3	4 ± 2
		85%	105°	5 ± 7	17 ± 6	22 ± 8	20 ± 8	16 ± 6	5 ± 3	22 ± 10	1 ± 1	10 ± 4	25 ± 4	4 ± 2
	rear	55%	60°	15 ± 3	11 ± 2	18 ± 3	17 ± 3	0 ± 0	4 ± 2	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	1 ± 1
		55%	75°	15 ± 2	12 ± 2	21 ± 5	20 ± 4	0 ± 0	4 ± 2	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 1	1 ± 1
		55%	90°	13 ± 3	14 ± 1	26 ± 6	21 ± 5	0 ± 0	4 ± 2	1 ± 2	1 ± 1	1 ± 0	2 ± 1	2 ± 1
		70%	60°	20 ± 5	8 ± 2	11 ± 4	12 ± 3	0 ± 0	6 ± 3	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0
		70%	75°	18 ± 5	10 ± 2	15 ± 5	15 ± 4	0 ± 0	5 ± 3	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0
		70%	90°	14 ± 3	12 ± 2	22 ± 5	19 ± 5	0 ± 0	5 ± 2	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 1	1 ± 1
		85%	60°	27 ± 4	5 ± 3	5 ± 5	7 ± 3	0 ± 0	7 ± 5	0 ± 1	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0
		85%	75°	26 ± 4	7 ± 3	8 ± 6	9 ± 5	0 ± 0	7 ± 4	0 ± 1	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0
		85%	90°	22 ± 6	11 ± 2	17 ± 5	16 ± 5	0 ± 0	6 ± 3	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0
		85%	105°	18 ± 6	12 ± 2	20 ± 6	17 ± 4	0 ± 0	6 ± 3	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0

GM goodmorning, DL deadlifts, LL % of participants’ leg length, TA tibia angle relative to the ground, Added weight additional weight on the barbell as % of participant’s bodyweight. Quadriceps, including m. vastus lateralis (vl), m vastus intermedius (vi), m. vastus medialis (vm) and M. rectus femoris (rf); Hamstrings including m. biceps femoris short head (bs), m. biceps femoris long head (bl), m. semimembranosus (sm) and m. semitendinosus (st); m. gluteus maximus muscles, including three different parts, the lateral part (lp), the intermedial part (ip), and the medial part (mp) were examined

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ISSN: 2052-1847

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