Table 1 Participants’ characteristics with respect to gait kinematics and walking energy expenditure per trimester

Participants _(n)^z

14

20

10

Age _(years)

28.1 ± 5.5

27.1 ± 6.1

26.6 ± 6.6

0.83

Gestation _(wks)

12.1 ± 2.2

22.3 ± 2.6

31.4 ± 2.6

–

Height _(cm)

160.8 ± 5.9

160.2 ± 6.8

161.4 ± 7.2

0.89

Mass _(kg)

62.7 ± 10.5

71.3 ± 16.6

78.8 ± 14.7

0.08

BMI _(kg/m²₎

24.3 ± 4.0

27.7 ± 6.2

29.9 ± 4.9

0.08

M_{gain (kg)}

1.1 ± 3.1^a,c

5.3 ± 2.8^b,c

13.8 ± 7.9^a,b

0.00^***

S _(m/s)

1.09 ± 0.07

1.10 ± 0.11

1.01 ± 0.19

0.16

Stride length^*

0.69 ± 0.06

0.72 ± 0.06

0.70 ± 0.05

0.17

Step width^*

0.06 ± 0.02

0.07 ± 0.02

0.07 ± 0.02

0.30

DS time _(s)

0.12 ± 0.03

0.11 ± 0.03

0.13 ± 0.06

0.35

COG_{V (cm)}

3.37 ± 0.56

3.55 ± 0.73

3.22 ± 0.726

0.53

COG_{ML (cm)}

2.06 ± 0.42^a

2.34 ± 0.89^b

3.26 ± 0.57^a,b

0.001^**

REE (_kcal/day)

1405.7 ± 183.7

1488.1 ± 190.0

1578.0 ± 216.1

0.12

REE _{(kcal/kg/day)}

22.7 ± 2.6

21.4 ± 2.5

20.9 ± 2.2

0.40

Gross O_{2 (ml/kg/min)}

10.93 ± 2.46

9.66 ± 1.45

10.39 ± 2.01

0.26

Gross O_{2 (ml/kg/m)}

0.17 ± 0.04

0.15 ± 0.02

0.17 ± 0.03

0.16

Net O_{2 (ml/kg/min)}

9.15 ± 3.26

8.04 ± 2.72

8.51 ± 3.69

0.60

Net O_{2 (ml/kg/m)}

0.12 ± 0.04

0.10 ± 0.02

0.12 ± 0.02

0.16

RQ

0.90 ± 0.11^b

0.89 ± 0.06^a

0.96 ± 0.02^a,b

0.04^*