Association between trunk pain and lower extremity pain among youth soccer players: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Back pain and hip pain associated with knee pain and ankle pain among youth soccer players

Pain sites	Back pain		P value	Hip pain		P value
	absence (n = 1,103)	presence (n = 36)		absence (n = 1,099)	presence (n = 40)
Knee pain (n = 107)
OR (95% CI)^a	1.00	10.07 (5.06-20.06)	<0.001	1.00	5.83 (2.94-11.54)	<0.001
Adjusted OR (95% CI)^b	1.00	7.63 (3.70-15.76)	<0.001	1.00	3.84 (1.89-7.83)	<0.001
Ankle pain (n = 152)
OR (95% CI)^a	1.00	9.20 (4.65-18.19)	<0.001	1.00	6.57 (3.44-12.54)	<0.001
Adjusted OR (95% CI)^b	1.00	9.03 (4.42-18.44)	<0.001	1.00	5.43 (2.77-10.62)	<0.001
Both knee pain and ankle pain (n = 46)
OR (95% CI)^a	1.00	15.72 (7.26-34.04)	<0.001	1.00	8.33 (3.70-18.76)	<0.001
Adjusted OR (95% CI)^b	1.00	13.67 (6.01-31.09)	<0.001	1.00	5.98 (2.56-13.97)	<0.001

Reference category: Neither knee nor ankle pain
OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Intervals
^a Crude model
^b Adjusted for sex (female or male), age (6-10 years or 11-15 years), BMI (<18.5, 18.5 to <25, or ≥25), height increase (continuous variable), number of days of training time/week (<3 or ≥3), practice time/day on weekdays (<2 or ≥2 hrs), practice time/day on weekends (<3 or ≥3 hrs), competitive levels (low or high), frequency of participation in games (frequently or not), and previous injuries (absence, presence or unknown)