New method for the mathematical derivation of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold: a retrospective study

Table 2 Cardiopulmonary exercise and derived variables of population A (maximal exercise)

	Healthy subjects	Patients with CV risk factors	Cardiac subjects
Peak work rate, W	170 ± 65*	121 ± 36	71 ± 28
Ramp duration, s	550 ± 139	572 ± 132	494 ± 148
Peak Borg scale	16.7 ± 1.3*	16.8 ± 1.4	15.4 ± 1.6
Peak HR, beats/min	164 ± 23*	134 ± 27	117 ± 19
%Predicted peak HR	90 ± 9.5*	83 ± 13	77 ± 12
VO₂peak, mL/min	2031 ± 728*	1581 ± 413	973 ± 323
VO₂peak, mL/kg/min	32.2 ± 9.2*	22.0 ± 6.0	16.0 ± 4.0
Peak R	1.18 ± 0.09	1.15 ± 0.09	1.14 ± 0.10
vVAT, mL/min	1042 ± 310*	916 ± 237	629 ± 169
vVAT, mL/min/kg	16.7 ± 4.1*	12.6 ± 3.2	10.4 ± 1.9
expVAT (VCO₂), mL/min	1085 ± 353*	874 ± 199	589 ± 168
expVAT (VCO₂), mL/min/kg	17.2 ± 4.2*	12.1 ± 2.7	9.7 ± 2.0
Exponential coefficient	1.0012 ± 0.0003*	1.0013 ± 0.0002	1.0020 ± 0.0006
expVAT (VE), mL/min	1053 ± 295*	884 ± 203	634 ± 176
expVAT (VE), mL/min/kg	16.7 ± 3.4*	12.2 ± 2.8	10.4 ± 2.3
Exponential coefficient	1.0010 ± 0.0003*	1.0011 ± 0.0002	1.0017 ± 0.0006
OUES (VCO₂), mL/min	2036 ± 599*	1725 ± 345	1197 ± 326
OUES (VE), mL/min	2386 ± 679*	1988 ± 451	1413 ± 404

*p-Value was significant at least at < 0.05 by 1-way analysis of variance.
HR heart rate, VO₂ oxygen uptake, R respiratory exchange rate, vVAT visual ventilatory anaerobic threshold: expVAT (VCO₂), exponential VAT based on VO₂ vs. VCO₂; expVAT (VE), exponential VAT based on VO₂ vs. VE; OUES (VCO₂), oxygen uptake efficiency slope based on logVCO₂ vs. VO₂; OUES (VE), oxygen uptake efficiency slope based on logVE vs. VO₂