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Table 3 Comparison of the muscular activity of all six muscles during the In/Ex shoulder rotation in the four conditions (pipes). Displayed are the p-values with a statistical difference of p < 0.008

From: Neuromuscular shoulder activity during exercises with different combinations of stable and unstable weight mass

Muscle

P vs PG

P vs PW

P vs PWG

PG vs PW

PG vs PWG

PW vs PWG

r

U.TA

0.010

0.069

0.010

0.006*

0.020

0.006*

0.915

DE

0.001*

0.052

< 0.001*

0.001*

0.126

< 0.001*

0.931

L.TA

< 0.001*

0.006*

< 0.001*

0.001*

0.005*

< 0.001*

0.956

LD

0.002*

0.236

0.005*

0.002*

0.038

0.002*

0.932

SA

< 0.001*

0.006*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.946

PE

0.327

0.202

0.402

0.001*

0.042

0.002*

0.747

  1. P: empty pipe (0.5 kg); PG: weight (stable mass; 4.5 kg); PW: water (unstable mass; 1 kg); PWG: water + weight (unstable mass; 4.5 kg); U/L. TA: upper/lower trapezius; DE deltoid, LD latissimus dorsi, SA serratus anterior, PE pectoralis major; r: mean correlation coefficient; *: significant differences α level Bonferroni adjusted