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Table 4 Comparison of the muscular activity of all six muscles during the shoulder Ab/Ad in the four conditions (pipes). Displayed are the p-values with a statistical difference of p < 0.008

From: Neuromuscular shoulder activity during exercises with different combinations of stable and unstable weight mass

Muscle

P vs PG

P vs PW

P vs PWG

PG vs PW

PG vs PWG

PW vs PWG

r

U.TA

< 0.001*

0.043

0.001*

0.002*

0.607

0.017

0.921

DE

< 0.001*

0.046

0.001*

< 0.001*

0.337

0.004*

0.885

L.TA

0.001*

0.042

< 0.001*

0.002*

0.700

0.001*

0.937

LD

< 0.001*

0.019

< 0.001*

0.001*

0.072

< 0.001*

0.873

SA

< 0.001*

0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.934

< 0.001*

0.903

PE

0.303

0.538

0.320

0.011

0.786

0.006*

0.802

  1. P: empty pipe (0.5 kg); PG: weight (stable mass; 4.5 kg); PW: water (unstable mass; 1 kg); PWG: water + weight (unstable mass; 4.5 kg); U/L. TA: upper/lower trapezius; DE deltoid, LD latissimus dorsi, SA serratus anterior, PE pectoralis major; r: mean correlation coefficient; *: significant differences α level Bonferroni adjusted