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Table 7 Calculated scapula stabilizer ratio (SR) for the muscle U.TA, L.TA and SA for all performed exercises (mean ± SD) in all the four conditions (pipes)

From: Neuromuscular shoulder activity during exercises with different combinations of stable and unstable weight mass

 

Intra/Extra rotation (In/Ex)

Abduction/Adduction (Ab/Ad)

Flexion/Extension diagonal (F/E)

U.TA/L.TA

U.TA/SA

U.TA/L.TA

U.TA/SA

U.TA/L.TA

U.TA/SA

P

0.65 ± 0.52 a

1.20 ± 1.25

1.32 ± 2.04

1.35 ± 1.36

0.94 ± 0.80

0.84 ± 0.67

PW

0.68 ± 0.50 b

1.09 ± 1.20

1.35 ± 1.77

1.36 ± 1.40

0.86 ± 0.60

0.80 ± 0.67

PG

0.98 ± 0.86

1.10 ± 1.03

1.03 ± 0.73

1.21 ± 1.06

0.82 ± 0.46

0.90 ± 0.80

PWG

1.08 ± 0.86 a, b

1.07 ± 1.13

1.03 ± 0.73

1.31 ± 1.20

0.97 ± 0.56

0.89 ± 0.66

  1. P: empty pipe (0.5 kg); PG: weight (stable mass; 4.5 kg); PW: water (unstable mass; 1 kg); PWG: water + weight (unstable mass; 4.5 kg); U/L. TA: upper/lower trapezius; SA serratus anterior; Scapula stabilizer ratio: U.TA RMS (%MVIC)/L.TA RMS (%MVIC); U.TA RMS (%MVIC)/SA RMS (%MVIC); a,b: significant difference (p < 0.008)