Effect of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training on peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory response during incremental exercise under normoxia and hypoxia

Ogawa, Takeshi; Nagao, Maiko; Fujii, Naoto; Nishiyasu, Takeshi

doi:10.1186/s13102-020-00172-1

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 3 Maximal values during incremental test under normoxia and hypoxia

From: Effect of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training on peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory response during incremental exercise under normoxia and hypoxia

	Normoxic condition				Hypoxic condition				ANOVA
	IMLET (n = 8)		ET (n = 8)		IMLET (n = 8)		ET (n = 8)
	pre	Post	pre	post	pre	post	pre	post	condition	period	group	Interaction
VO_2peak [L min^− 1]	3159 ± 464	3487 ± 635	2897 ± 498	3171 ± 489	2631 ± 433	2980 ± 569	2546 ± 424	2717 ± 489	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.90	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.55	P = 0.34, η_p² = 0.07	P = 0.35, η_p² = 0.06
VCO_2peak [L min^− 1]	3422 ± 524	3752 ± 584	3298 ± 528	3360 ± 511	2924 ± 383	3356 ± 616	2914 ± 479^#	3045 ± 511	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.82	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.62	P = 0.42, η_p² = 0.05	P = 0.82, η_p² = 0.00
W_max [kp]	4.03 ± 0.51	4.28 ± 0.49	3.72 ± 0.53	3.97 ± 0.54	3.44 ± 0.44	3.75 ± 0.44	3.28 ± 0.53	3.47 ± 0.54	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.80	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.75	P = 0.32, η_p² = 0.07	P = 0.23, η_p² = 0.10
V_Emax [L min^− 1]	109.6 ± 20.6	127.6 ± 23.1	106.2 ± 16.7	109.9 ± 19.7	104.8 ± 22.0	121.8 ± 25.0	103.6 ± 16.4	107.5 ± 19.7	P = 0.08, η_p² = 0.19	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.70	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.97	P = 0.05, η_p² = 0.83
f_R [breath min^− 1]	50.9 ± 9.7	53.7 ± 11.7	49.2 ± 8.5	48.3 ± 9.3	48.9 ± 12.1	50.3 ± 11.8	50.4 ± 8.6	47.6 ± 9.3	P = 0.27, ηp² = 0.08	P = 0.91, η_p² = 0.00	P = 0.66, η_p² = 0.01	P = 0.89, η_p² = 0.01
VT [L]	2.47 ± 0.33	2.81 ± 0.45	2.30 ± 0.38	2.42 ± 0.41	2.46 ± 0.24	2.85 ± 0.44	2.27 ± 0.43	2.66 ± 0.41	P = 0.50, η_p² = 0.03	P = 0.01, η_p² = 0.63	P = 0.51, η_p² = 0.03	P = 0.58, η_p² = 0.02
VE VO₂^− 1	34.58 ± 2.6	36.63 ± 2.86	37.08 ± 5.33	34.69 ± 5.04	39.61 ± 3.06	40.83 ± 3.80	40.89 ± 3.58	39.80 ± 5.04	P = 0.01, η_p² = 0.80	P = 0.01, η_p² = 0.93	P = 0.89, η_p² = 0.01	P = 0.42, η_p² = 0.05
VE VCO₂^− 1	31.9 ± 2.9	33.9 ± 2.2	32.4 ± 3.3	32.8 ± 3.4	35.6 ± 3.7	36.2 ± 2.7	35.7 ± 2.9	35.3 ± 3.4	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.72	P = 0.15, η_p² = 0.14	P = 0.79, η_p² = 0.01	P = 0.72, η_p² = 0.01
P_ETCO₂ [mmHg]	40.9 ± 2.2	37.2 ± 2.3	40.0 ± 3.7	38.7 ± 3.1	36.6 ± 3.0	34.0 ± 2.1	36.4 ± 2.8	35.9 ± 2.9	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.81	P = 0.03, η_p² = 0.48	P = 0.77, η_p² = 0.01	P = 0.68, η_p² = 0.01
WOB [J min^− 1]	276 ± 87	318 ± 98	258 ± 66	288 ± 97	235 ± 59	276 ± 85	231 ± 64	299 ± 97	P = 0.80, η_p² = 0.01	P = 0.04, η_p² = 0.28	P = 0.32, η_p² = 0.08	P = 0.53, η_p² = 0.03
PEpeak [cmH₂O]	24.5 ± 11.2	23.2 ± 7.0	26.8 ± 9.6	26.4 ± 11.2	22.1 ± 6.3^#	22.3 ± 12.6	21.6 ± 5.3	21.5 ± 11.2	P = 0.01, η_p² = 0.43	P = 0.61, η_p² = 0.02	P = 0.93, η_p² = 0.01	P = 0.81, η_p² = 0.01
PIpeak [cmH₂O]	−27.9 ± 22.8	−37.9 ± 9.7	−35.6 ± 5.3	−38.2 ± 10.0	−33.8 ± 4.6	−32.7 ± 8.7	−34.0 ± 7.3	−39.1 ± 8.3	P = 0.78, η_p² = 0.01	P = 0.06, η_p² = 0.25	P = 0.48, η_p² = 0.04	P = 0.11, η_p² = 0.19
PEFR [L sec^− 1]	6.39 ± 1.56	7.54 ± 1.46	6.66 ± 1.65	6.63 ± 1.39	5.81 ± 1.29	7.00 ± 1.53	5.35 ± 0.51	6.54 ± 1.39	P = 0.02, η_p² = 0.34	P = 0.02, η_p² = 0.36	P = 0.49, η_p² = 0.04	P = 0.13, η_p² = 0.17
HR_max [beat min^− 1]	185.5 ± 7	187.7 ± 7.5	184.3 ± 10.4	184.5 ± 14.4	175.1 ± 9.4	178.0 ± 8.0	180.4 ± 11.7	181.0 ± 14.4	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.61	P = 0.32, η_p² = 0.61	P = 0.65, η_p² = 0.02	P = 0.66, η_p² = 0.02
SaO₂ [%]	96 ± 3	96 ± 2	96 ± 2	97 ± 2	82 ± 3^#	82 ± 4^#	83 ± 2^#	84 ± 2^#	P = 0.00, η_p² = 0.97	P = 0.43, η_p² = 0.04	P = 0.53, η_p² = 0.03	P = 0.01, η_p² = 0.91

Values are mean ± SD. ^#, significantly different from normoxic exercise; VO_2peak Maximal oxygen consumption; VCO_2peak Maximal carbon dioxide elimination; Wmax Maximal work load; V_Emax Maximal minute ventilation; f_R Respiratory frequency; VT Tidal volume; P_ETCO₂ End-tidal partial pressure of CO₂; WOB Work of breathing; PEpeak peak expiratory pressure; PIpeak Peak inspiratory pressure; PEFR Peak expiratory flow rate; HR_max Maximal heart rate; SaO₂ arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation

Back to article page

ISSN: 2052-1847

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com