Comparison of muscle activation imbalance following core stability or general exercises in nonspecific low back pain: a quasi-randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Means, Standard Deviations (SD), and Within and Between Group Differences for Muscles Coactivation Pattern and their Imbalance Ratios in the Exercise Groups Following the Intervention Period

Variable	Baseline values		After 5 weeks of intervention		P-value^a	P-value^a	P-value^b
Variable	CSE group	GE group	CSE group	GE group	(Differences within CSG)	(Differences within GEG)	(Differences between groups)
AntC	0.38 (0.18)	0.32 (0.14)	0.36 (0.14)	0.28 (0.08)	0.428	0.065	0.647
ExtUC	0.45 (0.68)	0.51 (0.87)	0.27 (0.03)	0.40 (0.23)	0.220	0.577	0.830
ExtC	−0.015 (0.45)	0.096 (0.69)	−0.094 (0.24)	− 0.16 (0.30)	0.418	0.801	0.402
FlxUC	0.433 (0.54)	0.29 (0.16)	0.35 (0.21)	0.27 (0.13)	0.347	0.457	0.779
FlxC	−0.059 (0.29)	0.054 (0.25)	−0.042 (0.23)	−0.032 (0.19)	0.710	0.102	0.118
TotUC	0.442 (0.57)	0.378 (0.34)	0.32 (0.139)	0.319 (0.11)	0.243	0.458	0.590
TotC	−0.042 (0.17)	0.071 (0.30)	0.06 (0.19)	−0.084 (0.16)	0.614	0.022	0.096

AntC Antagonist Coactivation, ExtUC extensor uncompensated extensor compensated, ExtC extensor compensated, FlxUC Flexor uncompensated, FlxC Flexor compensated, TotUC total uncompensated, TotC total compensated imbalance ratios, CSE core stability exercise, GE general exercise
^aP-value for paired t test
^bP-value for ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline values

ISSN: 2052-1847