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Table 4 Comparison of repeated sprint T-test and balance performance between groups before and after the 7-week trial

From: The effect of a sand surface on physical performance responses of junior male handball players to plyometric training

Variables

Group

Pre-trial

Post-trial

p value

d (Cohen)

Repeated sprint T-test

 Repeated sprint T-test–Best time (s)

PS

12.2 ± 0.6

10.2 ± 0.6 ¥¥¥ £

< 0.001 a

1.47

P

12.2 ± 0.3

11.2 ± 0.5 €

< 0.001 b

1.99

C

12.2 ± 0.6

12.1 ± 0.5

< 0.001 c

1.43

 Repeated sprint T-test-Mean time (s)

PS

12.5 ± 0.5

10.5 ± 1.0 ¥¥

0.003 a

0.97

P

12.4 ± 0.3

11.0 ± 1.1 €

< 0.001 b

1.58

C

12.4 ± 0.7

12.3 ± 0.6

≤0.001 c

1.04

 Repeated sprint T-test–Fatigue index

PS

−4.4 ± 2.1

−2.4 ± 0.6 ¥¥¥

< 0.001 a

1.40

P

−4.0 ± 2.1

−3.7 ± 2.3 €€€

0.006 b

0.76

C

−8.5 ± 3.5

−5.6 ± 3.0

0.199 c

0.48

 Repeated sprint T-test–Total time (s)

PS

87.5 ± 3.9

73.7 ± 7.1 ¥¥

0.003 a

0.97

P

86.9 ± 2.3

77.0 ± 8.1 €

< 0.001 b

1.58

C

87.0 ± 4.8

86.5 ± 4.3

≤0.001 c

1.04

Y Balance Test

 Right support leg

  RL/L (cm)

PS

83.6 ± 6.6

98.1 ± 12.7 ¥

0.023 a

0.75

P

83.6 ± 7.8

94.0 ± 9.3

0.000 b

1.13

C

82.2 ± 6.2

84.9 ± 6.1

0.087 c

0.60

  RL/B (cm)

PS

106.3 ± 6.4

122.5 ± 7.0 ¥¥¥

< 0.001 a

1.55

P

104.6 ± 5.0

122.5 ± 8.9 €€€

< 0.001 b

1.98

C

102.0 ± 6.1

105.2 ± 5.5

≤0.001 c

1.03

  RL/R (cm)

PS

51.4 ± 9.9

55.7 ± 9.3

0.894 a

0.12

P

52.3 ± 10.8

55.5 ± 11.0

0.335 b

0.26

C

52.1 ± 12.1

52.6 ± 12.1

0.843 c

0.15

Left support leg

  LL/L (cm)

PS

48.9 ± 8.7

53.3 ± 7.5

0.702 a

0.22

P

51.0 ± 12.2

54.9 ± 9.6

0.112 b

0.43

C

51.7 ± 9.4

55.1 ± 9.1

0.987 c

0.000

  LL/B (cm)

PS

110.7 ± 5.8

122.1 ± 8.7 ¥¥¥

< 0.001 a

1.12

P

103.3 ± 3.5

118.5 ± 8.1

< 0.001 b

1.29

C

104.7 ± 9.9

107.5 ± 9.7

0.048 c

0.67

  LL/R (cm)

PS

86.5 ± 6.7

90.7 ± 6.5

0.169 a

0.51

P

84.3 ± 6.8

90.7 ± 5.5

0.013 b

0.68

C

82.2 ± 9.5

86.3 ± 9.6

0.865 c

0.14

Stork Balance Test

 Right leg (s)

PS

3.25 ± 1.36

15.12 ± 2.07 ¥¥¥ ££

< 0.001 a

1.49

P

5.11 ± 5.44

6.76 ± 5.56€

< 0.001 b

1.13

C

3.18 ± 1.31

3.54 ± 1.62

< 0.001 c

1.61

 Left leg (s)

PS

4.41 ± 3.07

15.18 ± 3.07 ¥¥¥ £££

< 0.001 a

2.26

P

4.43 ± 3.38

5.42 ± 4.54 €€

< 0.001 b

1.44

C

2.07 ± 0.53

2.41 ± 0.72

< 0.001 c

1.73

  1. PS = plyometrics on sand; P = standard plyometrics; C = control group; RL = right leg; LL = left leg; L = left; R = right; B = back; n = number; s = seconde; ¥ = denotes a significant difference between PS and C; £ = denotes a significant difference between PS and P; € = denotes a significant difference between P and C; a = denotes a main effect of group, b = denotes a main effect of time; c = denote a group x time interaction; ¥: p ≤ 0.05; ¥¥:p ≤ 0.01; ¥¥¥: p ≤ 0.001; £: p ≤ 0.05; ££: p ≤ 0.01; £££: p ≤ 0.001; €: p ≤ 0.05; €€€: p ≤ 0.001