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Table 2 Effect of exercise in the two study populations < 40 years of age

From: Effect of high-intensity interval training in young heart transplant recipients: results from two randomized controlled trials

 

The HITTS study (n = 16)

The TEX study (n = 12)

 

HIT group (n = 6)

Mean ± SD or median (IR)

MICT group (n = 10)

Mean ± SD or median (IR)

Mean difference between groups [95%CI]

t-test p-value

HIT group (n = 8)

Mean ± SD

Control group (n = 4)

Mean ± SD

Mean difference between groups [95%CI]

t-test p-value

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

VO2peak (ml/kg/min)

22.3 ± 5.6

30.0 ± 8.9

24.0 ± 6.0

27.0 ± 7.7

4.7 [0.6, 8.8]

0.028

27.0 ± 4.7

32.5 ± 4.5

33.0 ± 8.0

31.5 ± 5.1

7.0 [2.6, 11.3]

0.005

%VO2exp

51.3 ± 12.9

69.9 ± 20.4

59.7 ± 13.6

67.5 ± 16.5

11 [1, 20]

0.030

66.3 ± 9.6

81.2 ± 13.3

82.5 ± 17.6

79.4 ± 10.3,

18.0 [5.9, 30.0]

0.008

O2 pulse

13.0 ± 3.0

15.4 ± 3.3

12.0 ± 2.6

11.7 ± 2.9

2.7 [− 0.1, 5.6]

0.060

15.1 ± 3.7

16.3 ± 2.8

16.7 ± 5.3

16.6 ± 4.3

1.4 [− 0.5, 3.2]

0.132

HR rest echo

91 ± 8

91 ± 10

83 ± 7

91 ± 8

8 [0, 17]

0.053

85 ± 16

80 ± 12

75 ± 12

84 ± 17

− 14 [− 22, − 6]

0.003

HR peak

127 (29)

161 (43)

136 (39)

166 (30)

 

0.064†

156 ± 15

165 ± 17

163 ± 16

165 ± 18

7 [− 8, 15]

0.073

%HR max

68 ± 6

81 ± 8

69 ± 11

84 ± 11

1 [− 7, 9]

0.731

81 ± 7

86 ± 8

85 ± 11

87 ± 10

4 [− 1, 8]

0.085

Chronotropic response index

0.38 ± 0.12

0.63 ± 0.20

0.47 ± 0.17

0.70 ± 0.24

0.02 [− 0.15, 0.19]

0.770

0.67 ± 0.11

0.77 ± 0.12

0.77 ± 0.14

0.77 ± 0.16

0.09 [0.01, 0.17]

0.031

HR recovery 2 min (bpm)

−2 ± 3

−14 ± 12

−3 ± 2

− 23 ± 10

−9 [− 21, 3]

0.141

− 22 ± 5

−30 ± 6

− 39 ± 5

− 38 ± 10

− 8 [− 17, 0]

0.069

Quadriceps muscular exercise capacity (J)

2944 (3017)

3284 (2961)

1649 (1774)

2524 (2824)

 

0.162†

2813 ± 2042

3572 ± 1598,

3605 ± 1675

3697 ± 1138

667 [− 382, 1716]

0.187

Quadriceps maximum strength (Nm)

216 (124)

288 (136)

172 (143)

201 (175)

 

0.006

240 ± 117

264 ± 111

279 ± 90

262 ± 83

41 [5, 77]

0.031

BMI

23.5 ± 4.4

24.6 ± 4.9

23.2 ± 4.4

24.1 ± 4.9

0.2 [− 1.9, 2.2]

0.858

27.4 ± 5.1

25.8 ± 4.6

25.7 ± 3.5

25.4 ± 2.3

− 1.2 [− 4.4, 1.9]

0.410

  1. Mann Whitney U-test
  2. SD Standard deviation, IR Interquartile range, HITTS High-intensity Interval Training in heart Transplant recipients in Scandinavia, TEX Transplant EXercise, HIT High-intensity interval training, MICT Moderate intensity continuous training; %VO2exp, percentage of expected VO2 peak level according to age; HR Heart rate; %HR max, percentage of maximum HR according to age; J Joule, Nm Newton meter