The Effect of Social Norm-based Intervention with Observable Behaviour on Physical Activity among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3 Comparisons of Secondary Outcomes

	Anonymous arm		Onymous arm		Difference between arms ^a	p-value^b
	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Difference between arms ^a	p-value^b
*Total PedsQL score*	78.1 ± 10.6	75.8 ± 12.4	77.4 ± 11.4	76.6 ± 11.7	1.3	0.283
*Total AADS score*	43.7 ± 14.4	47.1 ± 16.4	44.4 ± 14.5	44.7 ± 16.2	− 2.7	0.169
*Total SSE score*	68.7 ± 13.4	67.5 ± 14.7	69.3 ± 14.4	66.2 ± 14.0	−1.8	0.192
*Total PASES score*	12.5 ± 2.7	12.4 ± 3.0	13.0 ± 2.7	12.5 ± 2.9	−0.5	0.075
*Total PACES score*	42.8 ± 8.4	42.9 ± 7.8	42.6 ± 8.4	42.0 ± 7.4	−1.0	0.237

Data are presented as mean ± SD
^aDifference between two arms refers to the difference between Onymous and Anonymous arms after taking the difference between the pre-intervention and post-intervention outcomes
^bThe p-values for the difference between the two arms from the mixed-effects model; alpha level p < 0.05

ISSN: 2052-1847