Table 2 Descriptive statistics, mean (SD) for all outcome measures

  Experienced within 30 days

6.00 (2.34)

5.52 (2.24)

5.85 (2.43)

5.04 (2.21)

  At the time of testing

3.33 (2.82)

2.96 (1.87)

3.48 (3.03)

2.07 (2.11)

  Cutaneous (itchy, irritating, crawling, tickling, tingling)

1.13 (1.00)

0.67 (0.53)

1.08 (1.05)

0.63 (0.51)

  Autonomic distress (disgusting, nauseating)

0.80 (1.37)

0.09 (0.24)

0.67 (1.35)

0.19 (0.49)

  Thermal (burning, hot)

1.41 (1.80)

0.93 (1.30)

1.25 (1.78)

0.56 (0.97)

  Pain extent (spreading, persistent, worsening, pervasive)

2.00 (1.52)

1.29 (0.99)

1.80 (1.59)

1.29 (1.03)

  Intense pain qualities (vicious, excruciating, nasty, overwhelming)

2.12 (1.79)

0.98 (1.16)

1.91 (1.84)

0.87 (1.20)

  Intermittent pressure (throbbing, pounding)

1.46 (1.74)

0.63 (1.11)

1.27 (1.69)

0.71 (1.28)

  Brightness (stinging, smarting)

0.56 (1.19)

0.07 (1.18)

0.63 (1.27)

0.19 (0.49)

  Incisive pressure (sharp, shooting, biting, deep, tearing, stabbing, gnawing)

1.68 (1.32)

0.20 (0.62)

1.53 (1.28)

0.84 (0.81)

  Traction/abrasion (pulling, grinding, squeezing, pressing, cramping, tugging, crushing)

1.12 (1.31)

0.26 (0.70)

0.96 (1.28)

0.54 (0.92)

  Numb (numb, numbing)

1.28 (1.84)

0.64 (0.68)

1.13 (1.74)

0.40 (0.92)

  Physical illness (ailing, suffering)

1.61 (1.38)

0.57 (0.76)

1.38 (1.42)

0.90 (0.88)

  Depressed mood (lousy, rejected, depressed, discouraged, miserable, lonely)

0.91 (0.99)

1.35 (1.11)

0.74 (0.90)

0.40 (0.45)

  Self-blame (guilty, negligent)

0.48 (0.90)

1.24 (1.12)

0.52 (1.04)

0.40 (0.74)

  Anger (angry, outraged, upset, annoyed)

0.83 (1.32)

2.67 (1.36)

0.65 (1.19)

0.43 (0.66)

  Fear (alarming. Startling, frantic, terrified)

0.78 (1.34)

0.26 (0.46)

0.69 (1.26)

0.13 (0.36)

  Physical avoidance (exhausting, sleepy, tiring, sluggish)

2.14 (1.50)

1.24 (1.12)

1.83 (1.40)

1.13 (1.00)

  Physically engaged (active, vigorous)

2.46 (1.65)

2.28 (1.56)

2.69 (1.49)

2.62 (1.42)

  Affiliative feelings (loved, forgiving, affectionate, sympathetic)

3.41 (1.44)

2.71 (1.30)

3.57 (1.40)

3.14 (1.40)

  Positive affect (hopeful, happy, relaxed, encouraged, cheerful, satisfied, calm)

3.11 (1.51)

2.74 (1.15)

3.32 (1.04)

2.90 (0.94)

  AP SD

4.44 (1.40)

5.45 (2.06)

3.92 (1.66)

4.64 (2.03)

  AP range

21.42 (5.89)

25.92 (6.25)

18.02 (7.54)

21.25 (6.79)

  ML SD

2.13 (0.83)

3.15 (1.89)

1.84 (0.59)

2.56 (1.52)

  ML range

12.42 (4.46)

17.82 (10.24)

10.17 (3.78)

13.97 (7.72)

  CoP velocity

29.47 (6.72)

32.69 (10.73)

31.48 (10.43)

32.38 (9.58)

  AP SD

4.83 (1.56)

5.45 (1.40)

4.42 (1.79)

5.20 (1.96)

  AP range

24.88 (8.12)

28.69 (8.19)

21.24 (8.29)

27.70 (9.17)

  ML SD

2.27 (1.31)

2.62 (1.45)

1.95 (0.83)

2.32 (0.78)

  ML range

14.45 (9.27)

15.06 (7.76)

10.86 (4.02)

12.92 (4.38)

  CoP velocity

30.69 (8.27)

37.32 (9.91)

30.83 (10.40)

33.89 (10.16)

  Performance expectancy

4.16 (2.22)

3.54 (1.56)

6.67 (0.48)

6.13 (1.09)

  Effort expectancy

4.04 (1.95)

3.23 (1.46)

6.26 (0.82)

5.70 (1.16)

  Social influence

3.54 (2.41)

3.19 (1.71)

6.13 (1.28)

4.70 (1.84)

  Facilitating conditions

4.08 (2.12)

3.77 (1.81)

6.21 (0.91)

5.56 (1.29)

  Self-efficacy

3.70 (1.93)

3.17 (1.52)

5.90 (1.05)

5.22 (1.46)

  Behavioural intention

3.55 (2.11)

2.88 (1.99)

6.58 (0.68)

5.85 (1.47)

  Autotelic experience

3.00 (1.43)

3.41 (1.28)

4.16 (0.54)

4.10 (0.80)

  Clear goals

3.05 (1.27)

2.92 (1.25)

4.53 (0.46)

4.36 (0.76)

  Concentration at task

2.96 (1.22)

3.31 (1.26)

4.53 (0.44)

4.31 (0.74)

  Paradox of control

2.82 (1.36)

2.84 (1.24)

4.40 (0.66)

4.08 (1.01)

  Challenge-skill-balance

2.93 (1.06)

3.04 (1.01)

4.42 (0.51)

4.04 (0.76)

  Unambiguous feedback

2.81 (1.26)

2.91 (1.12)

4.41 (0.62)

4.21 (0.76)

  Action-awareness-merging

2.46 (1.03)

2.67 (1.01)

4.09 (1.02)

3.89 (0.84)

  Transformation of time

2.55 (1.16)

3.05 (1.21)

3.75 (1.28)

3.56 (1.19)

  Loss of self-consciousness

3.09 (1.42)

3.31 (1.25)

4.52 (0.56)

4.40 (0.74)

  Perceived physical effort (RPE)

10.48 (1.85)

9.41 (1.31)

10.77 (1.65)

9.81 (2.07)

  Subjective mental effort

39.47 (11.57)

32.46 (9.95)

55.93 (15.70)

40.96 (16.28)

  Heart rate

77.41 (5.69)

77.67 (4.45)

82.23 (11.00)

81.80 (9.58)