Table 4 Adjusted post-intervention between group difference (ANCOVA) and within-group change over time mean differences (95% CI) for Multidimensional Affect and Pain Survey (MAPs) measures

 Cutaneous

−0.34 (− 0.22 to 0.15)

− 0.06 (− 0.16 to 0.03)

−0.06 (− 0.21 to 0.09)

 Autonomic distress

0.17 (− 0.15 to 0.49)

0.10 (− 0.08 to 0.27)

− 0.10 (− 0.24 to 0.06)

 Thermal^a

−1.06*** (− 1.62 to − 0.50)

−0.38 (− 0.82 to 0.05)

−0.08 (− 0.29 to 0.13)

 Pain extent

− 0.42 (− 0.85 to − 0.04)

−0.05 (− 0.34 to 0.25)

−0.17 (− 0.42 to 0.07)

 Intense pain qualities

− 0.15 (− 0.71 to 0.40)

−0.12 (− 0.49 to 0.26)

−0.20 (− 0.59 to 0.19)

 Intermittent pressure

0.04 (− 0.59 to 0.68)

0.12 (− 0.38 to 0.61)

−0.23 (− 0.66 to 0.20)

 Brightness

0.10 (− 0.32 to 0.51)

0.12 (− 0.06 to 0.29)

0.08 (− 0.18 to 0.33)

 Incisive pressure

−0.09 (− 0.53 to 0.34)

−0.06 (− 0.30 to 0.19)

−0.12 (− 0.46 to 0.22)

 Traction/abrasion

0.16 (− 0.23 to 0.55)

0.02 (− 0.22 to 0.26)

−0.14 (− 0.44 to 0.16)

 Numb

0.15 (− 0.37 to 0.66)

0.13 (− 0.15 to 0.42)

−0.19 (− 0.57 to 0.18)

 Physical illness^a

−0.13 (− 0.74 to 0.49)

−0.12 (− 0.44 to 0.20)

−0.15 (− 0.37 to 0.06)

 Depressed mood^a

− 0.57 (− 1.23 to 0.09)

−0.22* (− 0.39 to − 0.05)

−0.10 (− 0.23 to 0.04)

 Self-blame

− 0.02 (− 0.23 to 0.19)

0.00 (− 0.10 to 0.10)

0.02 (− 0.18 to 0.21)

 Anger

−0.06 (− 0.37 to 0.25)

−0.16 (− 0.38 to 0.05)

−0.17 (− 0.46 to 0.11)

 Fear

− 0.21 (− 0.53 to 0.11)

−0.13 (− 0.28 to 0.01)

−0.12 (− 0.41 to 0.18)

 Physical avoidance

− 0.13 (0.56 to 0.31)

−0.14 (− 0.43 to 0.15)

−0.21 (− 0.56 to 0.14)

 Physically engaged⁺

0.13⁺ (−0.29 to 0.56)

0.33 (−0.13 to 0.79)

0.13 (− 0.02 to 0.29)

 Affiliative feelings

0.16 (−0.27 to 0.59)

0.42⁺⁺ (− 0.004 to 0.85)

0.14* (0.02 to 0.27)

 Positive affect

−0.16 (− 0.56 to 0.24)

0.17 (− 0.21 to 0.54)

0.11 (− 0.26 to 0.48)