Effects of preoperative low-intensity training with slow movement on early quadriceps weakness after total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective propensity score-matched study

Table 2 Results of pre- and postoperative measurements and changes therein among control and LST groups

Parameters	Control (n = 41)			LST (n = 41)			Change
Parameters	Pre	Post	Change	Pre	Post	Change	p	ES
Knee circumference (1 cm) (cm)	39 (37, 41)	43 (40, 45)	10 (8, 12)	40 (37, 41)	43 (41, 44)	9 (7, 10)	0.00	0.65
Knee circumference (10 cm) (cm)	44 (41, 47)	47 (44, 50)	9 (4, 10)	44 (41, 46)	46 (44, 48)	6 (3, 8)	0.01	0.57
Thigh volume (× 10² cm³)	13 (11, 14)	15 (13, 16)	21 (13, 23)	12 (11, 13)	14 (13, 15)	13 (12, 18)	0.00	0.67
Knee pain during the QST (mm)	10 (0, 29)	68 (30, 80)	40 (20, 68)	7 (0, 27)	62 (41, 76)	44 (17, 65)	0.72	0.08
Knee pain during the TUG (mm)	20 (8, 40)	30 (27, 60)	20 (−10, 39)	18 (5, 43)	53 (43, 70)	32 (2, 48)	0.16	0.32
Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg)	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)	0.4 (0.3, 0.5)	− 69 (−79, −59)	1.3 (1.1, 1.4)	0.5 (0.4, 0,7)	−57 (−63, −46)	0.00	0.84
TUG (s)	7 (7, 8)	18 (14, 22)	137 (86, 191)	7 (6, 8)	14 (12, 18)	97 (68, 132)	0.00	0.68

Note. Results of pre- and postoperative measurements and changes therein are presented as median (IQR). p values are those for independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. ES indicates the effect size (Cohen’s d) quantifying difference in measurement changes between both groups
Abbreviation: LST low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation, ES effect size, TUG timed up and go test

ISSN: 2052-1847