Table 2 Mean values (MW), standard deviations (SD) and p-values of the spine parameters of all measurement conditions in rest position (N), with ready-made mouthguard (rMG) and individual, custom-made mouthguard (iMG). The respective units of measurement are shown at the individual parameter. Significant p-values are marked in bold

Spine parameter

 Trunk length D (mm)

489.59

27.30

488.59

26.82

482.36

24.49

0.05

 Trunk length S (mm)

527.68

29.88

526.31

27.86

520.27

23.60

0.06

 Sagittal trunk decline (°)

−2.99

2.22

−2.65

2.10

−2.63

1.64

0.81

 Frontal trunk decline (°)

−0.47

1.33

−0.11

1.16

− 0.42

1.09

0.86

 Axis decline (°)

−0.19

2.58

0.04

2.94

−0.09

2.67

0.48

 Thoracic bending angle (°)

18.37

3.82

17.75

3.98

18.12

3.63

0.94

 Lumbar bending angle (°)

13.58

2.64

13.56

2.16

14.03

2.69

0.46

 Standard deviation lateral deviation (mm)

5.40

2.47

5.69

3.13

5.39

2.34

0.62

 Standard deviation rotation (°)

2.76

3.51

4.36

2.21

5.50

2.57

0.25

 Kyphosis angle (°)

50.96

8.05

51.77

4.77

51.47

6.01

0.25

 Lordosis angle (°)

38.95

8.36

36.63

7.55

40.25

8.36

0.69

Shoulder parameter

 Scapular distance (mm)

188.81

13.63

186.77

16.41

186.58

16.86

0.84

 Scapular height (°)

−2.63

6.34

−5.30

8.70

−5.14

7.55

0.86

 Scapular rotation (°)

0.76

4.68

0.78

3.46

1.33

4.08

0.96

 Scapular angle left (°)

26.71

6.49

27.07

6.75

26.70

7.27

0.71

 Scapula angle right (°)

26.79

9.85

28.19

6.82

24.97

7.89

0.23

Pelvis parameter

 Pelvis distance (mm)

104.59

16.56

101.79

14.32

97.16

13.41

0.19

 Pelvis height (°)

0.19

2.64

0.15

2.71

0.17

3.20

0.90

 Pelvis height (mm)

0.03

4.76

0.21

4.63

0.03

5.14

0.75

 Pelvis torsion (°)

−0.06

2.63

1.19

2.52

1.32

2.31

0.27

 Pelvis rotation (°)

−0.84

5.34

−0.57

4.00

−0.79

5.29

0.63