Skip to main content

Table 4 Mean values (MW) and standard deviations (SD) of the attack and defense in rest position (N), with the ready-made mouthguard (kMG) and individual, custom-made mouthguard (iMG). Significant p-values are marked in bold

From: Effect of a sports mouthguard on the functional range of motion of the spine and the upper body posture in taekwondo

 

MW

SD

p-value

Attack

N

rMG

iMG

N

rMG

iMG

 

Extension/Flexion/Lateralflexion

 Cervical spine left (mm)

111.13

107.35

100.49

30.60

35.67

34.63

0.16

 Cervical spine right (mm)

110.11

103.98

102.16

25.84

24.10

33.12

0.23

 Thoracic spine left (mm)

303.54

299.70

349.70

33.85

39.40

93.88

0.01

 Thoracic spine right (mm)

304.28

301.80

311.54

32.38

41.15

46.09

0.04

 Lumbar spine left (mm)

140.54

112.89

122.51

59.07

30.83

32.20

0.10

 Lumbar spine right (mm)

132.87

113.77

125.42

42.20

29.37

29.47

0.03

Torsion

 Cervical spine left (mm)

120.96

114.82

122.04

26.58

22.14

23.10

0.14

 Cervical spine right (mm)

121.83

117.39

115.42

29.41

31.44

22.55

0.51

 Thoracic spine left (mm)

344.14

318.81

352.43

84.01

39.25

89.36

0.01

 Thoracic spine right (mm)

327.54

316.63

348.32

52.00

40.56

82.53

0.001

 Lumbar spine left (mm)

142.81

135.34

145.97

27.08

28.09

25.08

0.01

 Lumbar spine right (mm)

144.59

146.31

151.63

26.80

30.18

26.94

0.05

Defense

 Extension/Flexion/Lateralflexion

  Cervical spine left (mm)

113.17

103.61

108.78

32.42

37.95

36.83

0.08

  Cervical spine right (mm)

109.82

99.48

109.69

24.45

27.43

26.73

0.01

  Thoracic spine left (mm)

305.77

301.63

317.97

35.07

36.51

58.64

0.02

  Thoracic spine right (mm)

304.77

303.51

310.84

35.20

40.45

48.38

0.01

  Lumbar spine left (mm)

123.24

116.87

115.24

33.14

32.05

30.96

0.71

  Lumbar spine right (mm)

125.55

117.26

116.75

30.75

30.93

26.05

0.54

 Torsion

  Cervical spine left (mm)

121.69

114.08

122.00

25.02

24.98

18.37

0.01

  Cervical spine right (mm)

123.61

117.38

118.49

27.78

31.41

25.09

0.19

  Thoracic spine left (mm)

314.34

320.01

352.79

82.45

37.97

85.30

0.01

  Thoracic spine right (mm)

325.01

318.72

331.91

47.15

38.83

53.00

0.01

  Lumbar spine left (mm)

144.75

137.99

139.29

28.48

29.53

26.08

0.32

  Lumbar spine right (mm)

144.94

147.77

148.29

26.61

31.05

27.80

0.54