Table 2 Comparison of the 15-ball test performance and error distances of the five 9-ball skill tests among players of different playing levels
From: Development of new 9-ball test protocols for assessing expertise in cue sports
Recreational (R) (n = 8) | University (U) (n = 15) | National (N) (n = 8) | P | ηp2 | Post-hoc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balls potted | 4.8 (2.2) | 11.3 (4.7) | 20.6 (6.4) | < 0.001* | 0.218 | R < U | R < N | U < N |
Power control [cm] | ||||||||
Absolute error | 44.7 (16.7) | 32.9 (9.0) | 28.7 (6.0) | 0.060 | 0.257 | |||
Positive error | 42.0 (18.8) | 27.4 (10.2) | 25.0 (8.0) | 0.106 | 0.247 | |||
Negative error | −48.2 (23.0) | − 38.7 (16.6) | −31.5 (11.4) | 0.176 | 0.121 | |||
Cue alignment [cm] | ||||||||
Absolute error | 6.3 (4.8) | 4.5 (2.6) | 2.3 (1.7) | 0.053 | 0.189 | |||
Positive error | 2.8 (1.9) | 2.9 (1.7) | 2.5 (0.9) | 0.958 | 0.006 | |||
Negative error | −6.0 (6.1) | −4.4 (2.7) | −2.3 (1.7) | 0.233 | 0.119 | |||
Angle [cm] | ||||||||
Absolute error | 8.0 (1.5) | 4.8 (2.7) | 2.3 (1.1) | < 0.001* | 0.517 | R > U | R > N | U > N |
Positive error | 7.0 (1.9) | 4.0 (2.2) | 2.0 (1.4) | < 0.001* | 0.504 | R > U | R > N | |
Negative error | −5.0 (3.1) | −3.5 (2.4) | −1.4 (0.5) | 0.080 | 0.205 | |||
Back spin [cm] | ||||||||
Absolute error | 64.9 (24.2) | 26.5 (5.2) | 26.4 (5.0) | 0.006* | 0.662 | R > U | R > N | |
Positive error | 28.4 (3.1) | 20.2 (5.3) | 18.0 (6.1) | 0.079 | 0.214 | |||
Negative error | − 65.1 (24.0) | − 29.6 (7.0) | −30.0 (6.1) | 0.010* | 0.605 | R > U | R > N | |
Top spin [cm] | ||||||||
Absolute error | 15.5 (5.7) | 10.3 (3.8) | 10.7 (3.3) | 0.045* | 0.219 | R > U | ||
Positive error | 9.7 (7.6) | 8.0 (2.3) | 6.0 (2.8) | 0.297 | 0.110 | |||
Negative error | −15.3 (7.4) | −11.5 (5.0) | −11.6 (4.3) | 0.342 | 0.082 | |||