Table 1 Description of the strength training exercises
| Â | Seated Calf Raise | Standing Calf Raise | Seated Dorsiflexion | Seated Machine Knee Extension | Seated Machine Knee Flexion | Seated Horizontal Leg Press | Squat | Hip Flexion | Roman Chair Trunk Extension | Hollow Rock |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscles targeted | Soleus, Gastrocnemius | Soleus, Gastrocnemius | Tibialis Anterior | Quadriceps femoris | Hamstrings | Gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, triceps surae | Gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, triceps surae | Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, tibialis anterior | Erector spinae, multifidus | Trunk flexors, hip flexors, transversus abdominis |
Initial Position | Seated with knees at 90°. Forefoot on a 10 cm step, ankle in maximal attainable dorsiflexion. Weight over the distal thigh of the training leg. | Standing with hips and knees at 0°, and the forefoot on a 10 cm step in maximal attainable dorsiflexion. Holding on parallel bars for balancea. | Hips at 70–90°, knees at 0–20°, ankle in full plantarflexion. An elastic band on the forefoot resists the dorsiflexion movement. | Hips at 80°, knees at 115°. Knee and machine’s lever arm center of rotation aligned. Lever arm positioned at the distal shank. | Hips at 80°, knees at 0–5°. Knee and machine’s lever arm center of rotation aligned. Lever arm positioned at the distal shank. | Hips at 110–90°, knees at 80–100°. Feet and knees at hip width. 0–20° of hip external rotation. | Standing with hips and knees at 0°. Holding an adjustable support with both hands. Feet and knees at hip width. 0–20° of hip external rotation. | Supine position, arms laying by the side and both legs touching the mat. An elastic band on the forefoot resists hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. | Hips and knees at 0°, the chair is 30–45° inclined. Padded support at pelvis height. Distal posterior part of the shank locked against a padded support. | Supine position, hips and knees at 0°. Arms laying by the side and both legs touching the mat. |
Kinesiologic Description | Unilateral or bilateral ankle plantarflexion. | Unilateral or bilateral ankle plantarflexion | Unilateral or bilateral ankle dorsiflexion. | Unilateral or bilateral knee extension. | Unilateral or bilateral knee flexion. | Unilateral or bilateral hip and knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion. | Bilateral hip and knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion | Unilateral or bilateral hip flexion and isometric ankle dorsiflexion. | Isometric trunk and hip extension. | Isometric trunk and hip flexion. Isometric knee extension. |