Skip to main content

Table 2 Mean ± standard division for outcomes at baseline and post-intervention for each group

From: Effects of combining diaphragm training with electrical stimulation on pain, function, and balance in athletes with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial

Variable

Group

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Pain (NRS)

TENS

4.7 ± 1.3

3.1 ± 1.3

TENS + DT

5.5 ± 1.1

1.7 ± 0.6

Function (COMI)

TENS

4.5 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 0.6

TENS + DT

4.5 ± 0.7

1.9 ± 0.9

Static stability (UHBE)

TENS

Rt

25.9 ± 11.5

27.3 ± 11.5

Lt

25.1 ± 11.1

28.3 ± 13.7

TENS + DT

Rt

26.3 ± 11.1

37.5 ± 12.6

Lt

25 ± 10.1

40.1 ± 10.6

Dynamic Balance (SEBT)

Ant

TENS

Rt

81.8 ± 9.8

82.35 ± 10.7

Lt

82.2 ± 10.6

83.8 ± 10.7

TENS + DT

Rt

80.1 ± 7.1

87.7 ± 7.9

Lt

81.7 ± 7.8

86.3 ± 8.3

Post Lat

TENS

Rt

76.4 ± 13.1

82.1 ± 14.6

Lt

76.9 ± 14.5

78.7 ± 14.1

TENS + DT

Rt

71.5 ± 7.68

91.5 ± 8.3

Lt

69.7 ± 7.1

76.9 ± 8.6

Post Med

TENS

Rt

83.2 ± 14.9

85.5 ± 14.3

Lt

83.4 ± 13.8

88.7 ± 17.8

TENS + DT

Rt

79.5 ± 7.3

98.1 ± 8.7

Lt

77.1 ± 8.4

83.9 ± 10.1

  1. TENS Trans Cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, DT Diaphragm training, NRS Numeric Rating Scale, COMI Core Outcome Measure Index, UHBE Unilateral Hip Bridge Endurance test, SEBT Star Excursion Balance Test, Ant Anterior, PostLat Posterior lateral, PostMed Posterior medial, Rt Right, Lt Left