Short-term balance training and acute effects on postural sway in balance-deficient older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Mean change in outcomes with between-group comparisons

Outcomes	Intervention (N = 22)	Control (N = 29)	Cohen’s d	p-value
PS_EO length (mm)	12.5 (−37.0 to 62.0)	−3.00 (−46.2 to 40.2)	0.21 (−0.34 to 0.77	0.57
PS_EC length (mm)	−41.0 (−191 to 110)	128 (−77.0 to 332)	0.02 (−0.53 to 0.57)	0.31
TUG (seconds)	−1.2 (−2.2 to 0.2)	− 1.2 (− 2.0 to − 0.3)*	0.22 (− 0.34 to 0.77)	0.61
Grip strength (kg)	2.1 (0.1 to 4.0)*	0.4 (− 1.1 to 1.9)	0.71 (0.14 to 1.28)	0.27
FES (score)	−0.2 (−4.9 to 4.5)	− 0.6 (− 2.9 to 1.64)	0.12 (− 0.43 to 0.67)	0.81
FES-I (score)	−0.7 (− 2.9 to 1.4)	0.8 (− 0.2 to 1.7)	0.15 (− 0.41 to 0.71	0.28

Notes: Data are presented as mean change from baseline (95% CI) and as effect sizes (Cohen’s d, 95% CI). Analyses of treatment effects were made using ANCOVA adjusted for baseline data. *statistical significance p < 0.05 for within-group changes
Abbreviations: PS Postural sway, EO Eyes open, EC Eyes closed, FES Falls Efficacy Scale, FES-I Falls Efficacy Scale International

ISSN: 2052-1847