Table 2 Joint angles at BR position

 Horizontal Adduction (+) or Abduction (−)

2.3 ± 7.9

17.3 ± 9.2 ^a

7.8 ± 7.9 ^{b c}

F = 36.902, p < .001

< .001 ^{a b}, .001 ^c

 Abduction (+) or Adduction (−)

98.1 ± 7.2

103.2 ± 6.2 ^a

100.1 ± 9.1

F = 5.036, p = .023

< .001 ^a

 Internal Rotation (+) or External Rotation (−)

− 91.8 ± 16.3

− 78.8 ± 21.4 ^a

− 85.3 ± 15.7 ^c

F = 11.496, p < .001

.002 ^a, .041 ^c

 Flexion (+) or Extension (−)

11.4 ± 7.4

23.3 ± 7.9 ^a

18.9 ± 8.0 ^c

F = 26.104, p < .001

< .001 ^a, .002 ^c

 Lateral Bending: Left (+) or Right (−)

32.7 ± 9.8

28.7 ± 9.0 ^a

30.0 ± 7.7

F = 6.078, p = .005

.007 ^a

 Rotation: Left (+) or Right (−)

17.7 ± 7.3

23.2 ± 6.9 ^a

21.1 ± 8.1

F = 7.437, p = .002

.007 ^a

 Flexion (+) or Extension (−)

32.3 ± 9.8

42.0 ± 8.6 ^a

37.7 ± 9.1 ^{b c}

F = 21.538, p < .001

< .001 ^a, .030 ^b, .002 ^c