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Table 3 Participant characteristics when stratified by cardiorespiratory fitness

From: The association between cardiorespiratory fitness, liver fat and insulin resistance in adults with or without type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis

 

Lowest Fitness, n = 18

(16.71 ml/kg/min)

IQR, n = 36

(21.49 ml/kg/min)

Highest Fitness, n = 18

(26.36 ml/kg/min)

Between group p

ES (95%CI)

Demographics and anthropometry

 Gender (M/F)

8/10

17/19

8/10

0.974

 

 Type 2 Diabetes (Y/N)

11/7

18/18

6/12

0.250

 

 MAFLD (Y/N)

15/3

16/20

8/10

0.015 b, c

 

 Age (years)

54.56 (9.94)

47.33 (9.48)

47.89 (10.47)

0.037 b, c

0.67 (-2.57 to 3.91)

 Waist Circumference (cm)

119.03 (15.38)

107.39 (12.64)

100.38 (10.70)

<0.001 b, c

1.45 (-2.76 to 5.65)

 BMI (kg/m2)

39.81 (4.29)

33.34 (3.55)

32.27 (4.12)

<0.001 b, c

1.85 (0.51 to 3.18)

 LF (%)

11.40 (6.25)

8.00 (7.48)

6.08 (5.40)

0.033 b

0.94 (-0.92 to 2.79)

 SBP (mmHg)

135.66 (20.17)

124.77 (13.08)

119.09 (11.86)

0.004 b, c

1.03 (-4.22 to 6.28)

 DBP (mmHg)

83.21 (11.33)

78.60 (6.58)

78.44 (6.46)

0.107 b

0.53 (-2.40 to 3.46)

Biochemistry

 AST (U/L)

30.39 (22.57)

25.78 (16.16)

20.44 (3.62)

0.189

0.633 (-4.50 to 5.77)

 ALT (U/L)

34.72 (22.72)

29.22 (18.81)

22.39 (10.82)

0.136 b

0.71 (-4.94 to 6.36)

 CRP (mg/L)

7.30 (6.72)

3.38 (3.41)

3.51 (3.30)

0.008 b, c

0.74 (-0.94 to 2.42)

 FBG (mmol/L)

7.14 (3.16)

6.26 (3.14)

5.01 (1.59)

0.101 b

0.88 (0.08 to 1.67)

 aInsulin (mU/L)

14.29 (7.79)

10.68 (6.16)

8.72 (3.37)

0.026 b

0.96 (-0.95 to 2.86)

 aHOMA-IR

4.56 (2.89)

2.82 (2.06)

2.08 (1.44)

0.004 b, c

1.12 (0.39 to 1.84)

Lipids

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.61 (0.75)

1.57 (0.73)

1.54 (0.91)

0.973

0.09 (-0.18 to 0.35)

 Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.93 (1.34)

4.93 (1.24)

5.30 (0.95)

0.527

-0.33 (-0.70 to 0.04)

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.30 (0.30)

1.22 (0.34)

1.38 (0.29)

0.223

-0.28 (-0.37 to -0.19)

 LDL (mmol/L)

2.88 (1.10)

2.96 (1.03)

3.27 (0.87)

0.464

-0.41 (-0.72 to -0.09)

 FFA (umol/L)

531.83 (196.93)

439.92 (188.65)

378.49 (156.79)

0.047 b

0.89(-55.62 to 57.39)

  1. Data presented as mean (SD). IQR interquartile range, ES effect size, CI confidence interval, M male, F female, MAFLD metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, Y yes, N no, BMI body mass index, LF% liver fat percentage, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, FBG fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFA free fatty acids, VO2 Peak oxygen consumption. aHOMA-IR and insulin measures reported for 37 participants with normal glucose tolerance and 29 participants with T2D as 6 participants with T2D were undergoing exogenous insulin therapy. bsignificant difference between lowest and highest fitness; csignificant difference between lowest fitness and IQR