Table 3 Items with Significant Differences in Pressure-Pain Threshold before and Immediately after Training between Each Groupa
Variable | Sham training | Low intensity | High intensity | F | p | Mean between-group difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 15 | n = 14 | n = 15 | Sham training vs. low intensity | Sham training vs. high intensity | Low intensity vs. high intensity | |||
Transversus abdominis | ||||||||
 Baseline mean (SD) | 5.75 (2.00) | 5.82(2.14) | 5.60 (2.24) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean score (SD) | 6.20 (1.85) | 5.97 (2.07) | 6.30 (2.01) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean change from baseline (95%CI) | 0.45 (0.70 to 0.83) | 0.14 (−0.15 to 0.43) | 0.70 (0.25 to 1.14) | 3.489 | 0.041 | 0.31 (−0.19 to 8.17) | −0.56 (−1.06 to − 0.05)b | −0.24 (− 0.74 to 0.25) |
Body surface pain radiation | ||||||||
 Baseline mean (SD) | 6.80 (8.22) | 18.57 (21.02) | 17.00 (11.13) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean score (SD) | 5.87 (7.18) | 13.36 (15.66) | 6.13 (4.61) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean change from baseline (95%CI) | −0.93 (−2.16 to 0.30) | −5.21 (−9.40 to −1.03) | − 10.87 (− 17.51 to −4.22) | 5.512 | 0.008 | 4.28 (− 1.89 to 10.45) | 9.93 (3.87 to 15.99)b | 5.65 (− 0.52 to 11.82) |
Present pain intensity | ||||||||
 Baseline mean (SD) | 0.73 (0.70) | 0.71 (0.61) | 1.00 (0.85) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean score (SD) | 1.20 (0.78) | 1.21 (0.98) | 0.73 (0.59) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean change from baseline (95%CI) | 0.47 (0.18 to 0.75) | 0.50 (0.06 to 0.94) | −0.27 (−0.52 to − 0.01) | 8.047 | 0.001 | −0.03 (− 0.47 to 0.41) | 0.73 (0.30 to 1.17)b | 0.77 (0.33 to 1.21)b |
Visual analogue scale | ||||||||
 Baseline mean (SD) | 4.63 (2.78) | 5.46 (2.00) | 4.20 (2.21) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean score (SD) | 5.20 (2.48) | 5.64 (1.64) | 3.67 (1.88) | – | – | – | – | – |
 Mean change from baseline (95%CI) | 0.57 (−0.19 to 1.33) | 0.18 (−0.46 to 0.82) | − 0.53 (−1.34 to 0.27) | 3.534 | 0.038 | 0.46 (− 0.51 to 1.42) | 1.23 (0.29 to 2.18)b | 0.78 (− 0.19 to 1.74) |