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Table 1 Epidemiological, clinical, sport and training characteristics of all athlete’s tendinopathy cases and controls (N = 270)

From: Association of TNF-α -308G > A polymorphism with susceptibility to tendinopathy in athletes: a case–control study

Variables

Control

(N = 135)

Tendinopathy

(N = 135)

P-valuea,b

Unadjusted OR

(CI 95%)

Adjusted ORb

(CI 95%)

 

N (%)

   

Height (centimeters)d

 ≤ 166

36 (26.9)

34 (25.2)

0.75

1c

1c

 167 – 175

38 (28.4)

40 (29.6)

1.11 (0.58 – 2.13)

0.91 (0.35 – 1.56)

 176 – 181

29 (21.6)

25 (18.5)

0.91 (0.45 – 1.86)

0.66 (0.52 – 2.00)

 ≥ 182

31 (23.1)

36 (26.7)

1.23 (0.63 – 2.40)

0.90 (0.44 – 1.83)

BMI (Kg/m2)e

 < 25

87 (65.4)

73 (54.5)

0.04

1c

1c

  25 – 29.99

41 (30.8)

49 (36.6)

1.42 (0.35 – 2.39)

1.44 (0.85 – 2.46)

  ≥ 30

5 (3.8)

12 (8.9)

2.86 (0.93 – 2.50)

3.65 (1.20 – 11.16)

Level of schoolingf

  Middle school

6 (4.5)

3 (2.2)

0.49

1c

1c

  High school

60 (45.1)

56 (41.5)

1.87 (0.44 – 7.82)

1.80 (0.39 – 8.31)

  University education

67 (50.4)

76 (56.3)

2.27 (0.55 – 9.43)

2.19 (0.48 – 10.02)

Alcohol consumption

  No

53 (39.3)

44 (32.6)

0.36

1c

1c

  Yes

82 (60.7)

91 (67.4)

1.38 (0.81 – 2.20)

1.27 (0.76 – 2.14)

Smokingd

  No

125 (93.3)

122 (90.4)

0.38

1c

1c

  Yes

9 (6.7)

13 (9.6)

1.48 (0.61 – 3.59)

0.44 (0.57 – 3.59)

Nutritional follow-up

  No

78 (57.8)

52 (38.5)

0.001

1c

1c

  Yes

57 (42.2)

83 (61.5)

2.18 (1.34 – 3.55)

2.31 (1.40 – 3.80)

Side of dominance

  Right

110 (81.5)

104 (77.0)

0.27

1c

1c

  Left

11 (8.1)

20 (14.8)

1.92 (0.88 – 4.21)

1.67 (0.74 – 3.76)

  Bilateral

14 (10.4)

11 (8.2)

0.83 (0.36 –1.91)

0.69 (0.29 – 1.63)

Coachd

  Certified athletic trainer

92 (68.1)

81 (60.4)

0.54

1c

1c

 Former professional athlete

31 (23.0)

34 (25.4)

 

1.25 (0.70 – 2.20)

1.20 (0.66 – 2.17)

  Both

12 (8.9)

19 (14.2)

 

1.80 (0.82 – 3.93)

1.53 (0.68 – 3.46)

Age at the beginning of sport practice (years)d

  ≤ 10

41 (30.3)

41 (30.6)

0.80

1c

1c

  11 – 14

32 (23.7)

29 (21.6)

0.91 (0.47 – 1.76)

0.97 (0.48 – 1.95)

  15 – 19

31 (23.0)

37 (27.6)

1.19 (0.63 – 2.27)

1.33 (0.66 – 2.66)

  ≥ 20

31 (23.0)

27 (20.1)

0.87 (0.44 – 1.71)

0.99 (0.48 – 2.04)

Years of trainingd

 ≤ 5

49 (36.3)

38 (28.4)

0.84

1c

1c

  6 – 8

25 (18.5)

27 (20.1)

1.39 (0.70 – 2.77)

1.28 (0.63 – 2.61)

  9 – 12

32 (23.7)

35 (26.1)

1.41 (0.74 – 2.67)

1.29 (0.65 – 2.57)

  ≥ 13

29 (21.5)

34 (25.4)

1,51 (0.79 – 2.90)

1.28 (0.65 – 2.52)

Weekly training hours

  ≤ 7

38 (28.1)

32 (23.7)

0.46

1c

1c

  8 – 12

49 (36.3)

38 (28.1)

0.92 (0.49 – 1.73)

0.86 (0.44 – 1.68)

  13 – 17

22 (16.3)

24 (17.8)

1.29 (0.61 – 2.73)

1.22 (0.56 – 2.66)

  ≥ 18

26 (19.3)

41 (30.4)

1.87 (0.95 – 3.70)

1.45 (0.70 – 2.99)

  1. OR Odds ratio; CI confidence interval. aP-value ≤ 0.05 was obtained through the Chi-squared Test (Pearson p-value) or Fisher’s exact test. bOR adjusted by BMI and nutritional follow-up. cReference value. dInformation was obtained from 269 athletes. eInformation was obtained from 267 athletes. fInformation was obtained from 268 athletes.